【摘要】 综合利用细胞学、种子贮藏蛋白电泳、基因组原位杂交(GISH)和抗性接种鉴定相结合的方法,对偏凸-柱穗山羊草双二倍体SDAU18进行了鉴定。结果表明,SDAU18的根尖细胞染色体数目变异范围为52-56,在绝大多数根尖细胞染色体数目为56的SDAU18减数分裂中期I花粉母细胞(PMC MI)内可观察到28个二价体,在部分细胞中可观察到一定频率的单价体、三价体和四价体,平均染色体构型为2n=56=3.21I+19.78IIRing+6.50IIRod+0.01III+0.04IVRing+0.01IVRod;在SDAU18种子贮藏蛋白电泳图谱中,亲本偏凸山羊草和柱穗山羊草的多数特异带能够出现,SDAU18高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基图谱中既出现双亲的亚基谱带,也观察到新型亚基谱带;分别利用偏凸山羊草和柱穗山羊草基因组总DNA作探针,另一个亲本基因组总DNA作封阻,对SDAU18根尖细胞制片进行染色体原位杂交,在SDAU18的56条染色体中分别有14条出现绿色杂交信号;SDAU18是偏凸山羊草和柱穗山羊草的双二倍体,对小麦白粉病和条锈病均表现免疫,是一个在小麦品种遗传改良中具有重要利用价值的新型种质材料。更多还原

【Abstract】 SDAU18,an amphiploid of Ae.ventricosa with Ae.cylindrica,was identified by cy-tological analysis,seed storage protein electrophoresis,genomic in situ hybridization(GISH) and inoculation assessment.The results are as follows:The chromosome number of root tip cells(RTCs) of SDAU18 plants varied from 52 to 56.28 bivalents were observed in most PMCs MI of SDAU18 with 56 chromosomes,meanwhile,a few univalents,multivalents also existed in some PMCs MI,and the average chromosome configuration was 2n=56=3.21Ⅰ+19.78ⅡRing+6.50ⅡRod+0.01 Ⅲ+0.04ⅣRing+0.01ⅣRod.There were both Ae.ventricosa-specific bands and Ae.cylindrica-specific bands in the seed storage protein electrophoretogram of SDAU18,furthermore,SDAU18 had one novel HMW-GS not found in the parents and two novel ones not found in common wheats.By labeling the total genomic DNA of Ae.ventricosa and Ae.cylindrica as probes respectively,and us-ing that of another parent as block,GISH of RTCs spread of SDAU18 was carried out.The green hybridization signal was observed in 14 chromosomes respectively,within 56 ones in RTCs of SDAU18.SDAU18 was immune to powdery mildew and stripe rusts.SDAU18 was an am-phiploid of Ae.ventricosa with Ae.cylindrica,and had very important significance in wheat breed-ing and genetic improvement.更多还原