【摘要】 为全面认识与正确评价森林生态系统的水源涵养功能,本文探讨了其概念、表现形式及其计量方法,认为:1)森林的水源涵养功能是一个动态、综合的概念,随着人们对森林水文作用认识的不断深入,其内涵不断丰富扩大,因此森林的水源涵养功能概念存在狭义和广义之分;2)森林的水源涵养功能(广义)有多种表现形式,包括拦蓄降水、调节径流、影响降雨和净化水质等,不过其具体表现形式与研究对象、研究目的以及研究尺度有关;3)目前森林拦蓄降水功能的计量方法主要有土壤蓄水能力法、水量平衡法、年径流量法和多因子回归法等8种,不过这些方法都存在一定的局限性,实际应用中需要综合考虑。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the increasing demand for clean water,the water conservation of forest ecosystem has raised increasing concerns.This paper reviewed the research progress on the concept of water conservation,summarized its main manifestations,and introduced the measurement methods of water storage.The current studies lack a comprehensive analysis of the water conservation function of forest ecosystem.Water conservation is a dynamic comprehensive concept,which develops with the advancements in forest hydrology research.The broad and narrow senses of water conservation could be found in recent literatures.The manifestations of water conservation in a broad sense cover the rainfall interception and storage,runoff regulation,precipitation increasing(in debate),and water purification,etc.,while the actual manifestations of water conservation are closely linked to the study area,objectives,and scales.Currently,the methods for measuring the amount of conserved water include soil water storage capacity method,water balance method,annual runoff method,and multiple-factor regression analysis method,etc.,and all of them have their prerequisites and limitations.In practice,the measurement methods should be selected according to actual situations.更多还原