【摘要】 为确定影响棉籽脂肪和蛋白质含量的主要气象因子,量化主要影响因子的作用程度,研究于2005年在黄淮棉区(徐州、安阳)、长江下游棉区(淮阴、南京)多个生态点设置了不同品种的田间实验,供试品种为科棉1号和美棉33B。研究结果显示棉籽脂肪和蛋白质含量随生态点和开花期呈极显著变化。黄淮棉区棉籽脂肪含量、蛋白质含量最大值出现的棉铃开花期较长江下游棉区推迟。棉籽脂肪含量、蛋白质含量与气象因子的相关分析显示,二者与铃期气温日较差呈显著负相关关系,与铃期日均气温、平均日最高气温、平均日最低气温、平均地温显著正相关。通径分析和逐步回归分析显示,各气象因子中铃期平均日最低气温是最主要的影响因子。棉籽脂肪含量、蛋白质含量随铃期平均日最低气温的变化可用三次多项式拟合,决定系数均达到0.75以上。日最低气温22～23℃最适宜棉籽脂肪和蛋白质含量的形成,低于15℃时棉籽脂肪不能正常积累。更多还原

【Abstract】 To screen out the key climatic factors determinating fat and total protein contents in cottonseeds,field experiments were conducted in the Yellow-Huai River Basin(Xuzhou and Anyang)and the lower reaches of Yangtze River Basin(Huaiyin and Nanjing)in 2005.Cotton cultivars of Kemian 1 and NuCOTN 33B were selected.Contents of fat or total protein in cottonseeds differed significantly between samples from different regions,and between flowering dates.The flowering dates,to get the highest cottonseed fat and total protein contents,were later in the Yellow-Huai River Basin than the lower reaches of Yangtze River Basin.Contents of fat and total protein significantly negatively correlated to the mean diurnal temperature difference over boll maturation period(P<0.01),and significantly positively correlated to mean daily air temperature(P<0.01),mean daily maximum air temperature(P<0.05),mean daily minimum air temperature(P<0.01)and mean daily ground temperature(P<0.01)over boll maturation period.According to the direct path analysis and stepwise regression analysis,the mean daily minimum temperature over boll maturation period was found the fundamental climatic factor.The relationship between the cottonseed fat and total protein contents and the mean daily minimum temperature well agreed with the third-polynomial regression,with determination coefficients between 0.75 and 0.9.Daily minimum temperature of 22-23 ℃ was optimum for the fat and total protein accumulation in cottonseed,and the fat accumulation would be restrained at the daily minimum temperature lower than 15℃.更多还原