【摘要】 水热条件是影响土壤硝化过程的主要环境因素。选择我国东部地区3种主要农田土壤(黑土、潮土、红壤),在江西鹰潭设置野外土壤置换试验,模拟研究中亚热带水热条件对不同土壤硝化强度的影响。2006年的试验结果表明:玉米生育期中,水热条件的变化影响土壤硝化强度的变化,从玉米种植前(2006年4月17日)到生长旺盛期(2006年7月10日),月平均气温由19.4℃上升到30.2℃,月降水量由335.6mm减少到59.2mm,3种土壤硝化强度均下降,黑土、潮土和红壤分别下降63.0%～84.8%、42.9%～66.7%和43.7%～46.2%;到玉米成熟期(月平均气温29.25℃,月降水175.6mm),土壤硝化强度又有所升高。土壤类型显著影响了土壤硝化细菌数量和硝化强度,硝化细菌数和硝化强度大小顺序为:潮土>黑土>红壤。土壤pH显著影响土壤硝化强度,相关系数r=0.778(P<0.01)。此外,在玉米生育期,施用N、P、K化肥后,3种土壤的硝化细菌数以及硝化强度均升高。总体上,区域水热状况、土壤性质和施肥均影响土壤硝化强度,而且土壤与气温以及施肥处理之间存在显著的交互作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The main factors influencing soil nitrification process are temperature and rainfall.In order to identify the interaction of climate,soil types and fertilization on the soil nitrification process,three main types of cropland soils from east China,i.e.Phaeozem,Cambisols and Acrisols,were selected to set up the soil displacement experiment in Red soil Ecological Experiment Station in Yingtan,Jiangxi Province,China.One-year experiment showed that soil nitrification intensity(SNI)changed with temperature and rainfall during the maize growing season.SNI decreased from the maize sowing to the blooming stage by 63.01%-84.84% for Phaeozem,42.94%-66.74% for Cambisols and 43.67%-46.20% for Acrisols,with an increase of monthly average temperature from 19.4℃ to 30.2℃ and a decrease of monthly rainfall from 335.6 mm to 59.2mm.SNI increased from blooming stage to maturity stage,with the monthly averaged temperature decreased by 1℃ and monthly rainfall increased by 116.4mm.Soil nitrobacteria number and SNI were affected by soil type,which was in a sequence of Cambisols > Phaeozems > Acrisols.Soil pH affected significantly SNI,with a correlation coefficient of r=0.778(P<0.01).During the maize growing season,fertilization of N,P and K increased the number of soil nitrobacteria and the SNI in the three soils.In generally,temperature,rainfall,soil type and fertilization affected soil nitrification process,and there were interactions between soil and temperature,and between soil and fertilization.更多还原