【摘要】 气候变化问题已经成为国际外交与环境谈判的热点议题。针对后京都国际气候制度谈判,世界各国就减排责任分担以及碳排放权分配提出了各种方案设计,试图从国际公平和人际公平两个不同视角量化各国的温室气体减排责任。作者区分了国际公平与人际公平的碳排放概念,研究了主要国家人均碳排放与经济发展之间的关联,比较测算了不同国家人均累积碳排放在全球历史和未来排放总量中所占的比重,指出减排责任的分担,必须综合考虑各国的历史责任、现实发展阶段和未来发展需求。发达国家已经实现了工业化,需要率先垂范,深度减排,发展中国家仍然处于工业化进程之中,未来需要更多的排放空间,以满足其发展的需求。对于中国而言,基于人际公平的碳排放概念可以作为学界研究国际碳排放权分配的理论工具,也可以作为政府部门参与国际谈判的一种策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 Climate Change has been a key issue in the international environmental negotiations. Experts from different countries have proposed a variety of frameworks to share the mitigation burden or the emissions rights in order to build a global climate regime after the Kyoto Protocol based on international equity and individual equity. The author discusses some related terms of carbon emissions based on these two perspectives. By analyzing the correlation between carbon emissions and economic development in major economies,and evaluating the contributions of different countries in accumulative per capita emissions in history and future,the author concludes that mitigation responsibility should be allocated based on each country’s contexts,including historical emissions,development stage,and future demands. Developed countries should take early actions for emission reduction commitment because they have already accomplished their industrialization process. However,developing countries are still in the process of industrialization,which requires more emission rights for meeting their unsatisfied basic needs. Therefore,this approach ensures a fair allocation of emissions rights among all the countries,and the rights of the later comers including China can be well protected.更多还原