【摘要】 随着城镇化水平的不断提高,农村劳动力供给过剩以及城市劳动力相对短缺导致农民工群体的出现。农民工从外在就业表象来看已融入城市社会生活,为城镇补充了劳动力这一基本的要素,带来经济总量的增长与经济结构的变化。但同时也存在一定的分化,农民工与城镇劳动力存在理论上的就业竞争,城市中存在着双重分割的劳动力市场,使农民工与城镇劳动力从属的劳动力市场存在层次上的差别。对农民工与城市劳动力就业状况进行比较研究,并以沈阳市为例,得出两者就业关系的相关结论。分析表明:沈阳市农民工与城镇劳动力个体特征上存在较大差异,两者在就业途径、工作类型与工作条件上有较大不同;农民工与城镇劳动力处于劳动力就业的两个分层上,城镇劳动力由于文化程度较高、接受培训可能性大,因此,尽管平均年龄较农民工稍高,但其下岗人员可以得到政府相关就业政策的扶持,在劳动力市场就业选择时处于较高层次;而农民工由于文化程度较低、平均年龄较小、接受培训比例较低等个体特征,多依靠亲戚朋友及一技之长寻找工作,所从事的工作类型也多是较低的职业与行业。因此,沈阳市农民工与城镇劳动力的就业关系表现应以互补性为主。当地政府应从创造更为宽松的就业环境、加大政府培训力度、改善农民工就业条件等方面入手,促进沈阳市农民工及城镇劳动力充分就业。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of urbanization,the surplus of rural labor force and a relative shortage of urban workers have resulted in the phenomenon of large number of rural immigrant workers working in cities.Apparently,immigrant workers have evolved into part of city life,being a supplement to the urban labor force,and bringing about growth in economic aggregate and changes in economic structure.But in actuality,there is a difference and a gap between the two categories of labor force due to the competitiveness in em-ployment in theory and the intersected labor markets.This article,taking Shenyang city as an example,studies the employment of the two categories of labor force and makes comparison between the two,concluding that there is a correlation in employment in the two labor forces.The analysis shows that there is a big difference in the personal features,in employment channels,and in the job categories and working conditions between the rural and urban workers.Urban workers are at a higher level when selecting jobs because of their received education and likely chances of receiving training as well as the favorable national policy to the layoffs in spite of their age while rural immigrant workers are at an unadvantageous position when choosing jobs because of their educational background and no chances of receiving training.Therefore,for Shenyang city,rural immigrant workers and urban workers are complementary in employment.The local government should adopt such measures as creating a more flexible employment environment,strengthening training and improving employment conditions for rural immigrant workers so as to realize full employment for both rural and urban workers.更多还原