【摘要】 近几十年来陕北地区油气大规模的开采,对延河和清涧河流域地表水水质状况造成严重影响。本文通过野外调查和实地采样,对延河、清涧河流域地表水中石油类污染物的含量进行了测试分析,并根据国家标准采用单因子污染指数法进行评价。结果显示延河和清涧河流域普遍受到了石油类污染物的污染,绝大部分的河段为Ⅳ类水质,靠近采油厂的的河段,污染状况严重的可达劣Ⅴ类水质。远离采油区数百公里的河段也遭受到石油类污染物的污染。王瑶水库由于2007年石油泄漏事故检测到了石油类污染物的存在,但含量较低。王瑶水库上游水质良好。延安市区内河段的石油类污染较严重。污染原因主要为含油废水非法排放、泄油事故以及运输时原油的散落。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the increase of petroleum resource exploitation in Northern Shaanxi during recent decades,the quality of surface water of Yanhe River and Qingjianhe River is affected seriously.After taking samples from two rivers that mentioned above and conducted the single-factor pollution index analysis,according to national standards,we have drowned the conclusion that the areas of these two rivers are polluted by petroleum hydrocarbon.Most part of Yanhe River and Qingjianhe River reached class IV,even class V in areas that near petroleum extraction plants.Rivers polluted by petroleum hydrocarbon even hundreds of kilometers away.Petroleum hydrocarbon is confirmed existing in Wangyao Reservoir due to the petroleum leaking accident in 2007,however,in a relatively low level.The water quality is good in upper reaches of rivers to Wangyao Reservoir.But rivers in Yan an city is seriously polluted.The pollution is mainly caused by leaking accident of petroleum,illegal releasement of wasted water and leaking during shipment.更多还原