【摘要】 以常规水作为对照,研究了覆膜旱作、覆盖秸杆旱作和裸露旱作处理对水稻生长的影响。田间测定了不同处理条件下旱作水稻的籽粒产量、氮素吸收与利用、干物质转移、氮素转移以及土壤矿质氮动态的变化,并对土壤氮素表观平衡进行了估算。结果表明,覆盖秸秆旱作可以促进旱作水稻碳水化合物和氮素向籽粒的转移。覆盖秸秆旱作处理的水稻开花前干物质累积量分别比常规水作、覆膜旱作和裸露旱作处理的高13%、15%和29%,氮素转移量则高出19%、18%和24%。从氮素表观平衡角度来看,旱作处理更能促进氮素盈余,覆盖秸秆旱作处理能增加土壤无机氮残留,提高氮素有效性。覆盖秸秆旱作比常规水作处理增产13.3%,氮肥利用率达33.5%。因此,旱作水稻覆盖秸秆不仅能取得较高产量,而且具有良好的生态效应。更多还原

【Abstract】 A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of aerobic mulching on rice yield,nitrogen absorption,the translocation of dry matter and nitrogen,and soil nitrogen dynamics.Apparent soil nitrogen balance was evaluated after rice harvest from different treatments.The aerobic treatments included:plastic film mulching(PF),rice straw mulching(RS)and non-mulching(B),and traditional waterlogged as control(W).The results showed that,RS had 13.3% higher grain yield than W,while PF and B could not increase rice grain yield.RS could increase nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency,up to 33.5%.RS enhanced the translocation of carbohydrate from straw to grain.In RS treatment,dry matter translocation before anthesis was 13%,15% and 29% higher than in W,PF and B,respectively;nitrogen translocation before anthesis was 19%,18% and 24% higher than in W,PF and B,respectively.The results of apparent soil nitrogen balance showed that,aerobic treatments had a higher nitrogen surplus than treatment W.Treatment RS had maximum residual nitrogen compared with other treatments,and it improved soil availability nitrogen.The results indicated that,rice with straw mulching cultivated in aerobic condition not only improved yields,but also had agreeableness ecological effect.更多还原