【摘要】 Cu、Zn制剂等饲料添加剂的广泛使用,导致猪粪中高浓度Cu、Zn的残留,给土壤环境造成潜在污染风险。通过室内培养实验,研究了猪粪及其堆肥在菜园土和矿山土中Cu、Zn的形态分布特征,探讨了堆肥对猪粪中Cu、Zn在土壤中形态分布的影响。结果表明,猪粪经过堆腐后,Cu的酸提取态和可还原态分别降低9.2%和17.2%,Zn分别降低了17.4%和29.1%,而可氧化态和残渣态Cu、Zn比例增加,并且主要以可氧化态形式存在。施加猪粪或猪粪堆肥后,菜园土中的Zn主要以可还原态和残渣态形式存在,分别占到总量的45%左右和25%～43%,在矿山土中残渣态Zn显著高于其他3种形态,但两种土壤中残渣态及可氧化态Zn有向酸可提取态及可还原态转化的趋势,并且经过堆腐的猪粪会更加促进Zn从残渣态向其他形态转变;而猪粪堆肥中的Cu在土壤中的稳定性却明显高于未经堆腐的猪粪,无论在矿山土还是菜园土处理中,施入猪粪堆肥的土壤中残渣态和可氧化态Cu的比例显著高于施用未经堆腐猪粪的处理。这表明,猪粪经过堆肥化处理对Cu的稳定化具有明显作用,可以降低其土壤污染风险,但是对猪粪中Zn的作用与此相反。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to the commonly oversupplied of Cu and Zn supplements in the animal feeding stuffs,their residues in the manure might pose potential threats on environment when manure is used in farmland. Composting is an effective way to treat animal manure,and might make the metal speciation less available. Incubation experiments,in which the mining soil and the vegetable garden soil were mixed with raw pig manure or its compost at different rates(0,50,200 t·hm-2) ,respectively,were conducted for 12 months to investigate the distribution of Cu and Zn speciations among two types of soils. The results showed that acetic acid soluble fraction and reducible fraction of Cu in pig manure were reduced by 9.2% and 17.2% after composting,while that of Zn decreased by 17.4% and 29.1%,respectively. The oxidable and residual fraction of Cu and Zn significantly increased after composting,and were mainly associated to the oxidable fraction in pig manure compost. After 12 months incubation,the reducible and residual Zn in vegetable garden soil were the primary fractions,with the proportions of 45% and 25%～43%,respectively. While in the mine soil,the residual Zn was significantly higher than the other three fractions. However,it showed that the residual and oxidable Zn partly transformed into the acetic acid soluble and reducible Zn after 12 months incubation. Furthermore,the composted pig manure might significantly promote the transformation of residual Zn to other fractions. The stability of Cu in soil amended by pig manure compost was higher than that amended by raw pig manure. Both the mining soil and the vegetable garden soil,mixed with pig manure compost,the soils contained the proportions of residual and oxidable Cu were higher than the soils mixed with raw pig manure. It was suggested that the composting treatment might significantly reduce the availability of Cu of pig manure,therefore reduce its pollution risk on soil,while adverse effect on Zn of pig manure was observed in this study.更多还原