【摘要】 介绍了国内外在原油乳状液稳定性方面的理论研究现状,以及国内外多种原油脱盐脱水技术,包括施加电场、超声波辐射、微波辐射、液-液旋流分离、膜分离、冷冻解冻等各项技术的原理、特点、研究进展及应用状况。指出动态旋流分离技术和微波法破乳在未来具有较好的工业应用前景,而新型破乳剂的开发和电脱盐设备的不断改进是目前原油脱盐脱水技术发展的主导方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 The crude oil desalting and dehydration processes both in China and abroad are introduced,including theories,characteristics,research and development and application of each technology like electric field,ultrasonic radiation,microwave radiation,liquid-liquid hydrocyclone separation,membrane separation and refrigeration/thaw,etc.It is pointed out that dynamic hydrocyclone separation technology and microwave radiation demulsification are the promising technologies for future commercial application,while the development of new types of demulsifiers and improvements of electric desalting equipments are the leading developing directions at present.更多还原