【摘要】 飞机结冰是飞行实践中广泛存在的一种现象,也是造成飞行安全事故的主要隐患之一。结冰风洞是开展飞机结冰研究的重要设备,通过在结冰风洞内制造结冰气象条件,对真实结冰现象进行模拟。本文针对飞机结冰主要发生在从地面到7000m高度的大气环境之内这一客观情况,对设计中的某型结冰风洞是否能够在地面模拟高空低压环境下的结冰问题进行了研究,以决定该风洞是否需配置调压设备。采用结冰试验相似准则对该风洞的高度模拟能力进行了评估,考查了温度、水滴直径、液态水含量及速度等参数的设计指标是否满足模拟高空结冰的试验要求。研究发现,试验模型缩比是限制结冰风洞模拟水滴直径和液态水含量能力的主要因素,高度的增加不会导致对水滴直径和液态水含量的模拟超过风洞的设计能力;只要采用不小于0.1的模型缩比进行试验,即使不增加调压设备,以现有的温度、水滴直径、液态水含量以及速度等参数的设计指标,该风洞也具备了模拟7000m高度飞机结冰的能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aircraft icing is a common phenomenon in flight and is one of the main hazards to flight.An icing wind tunnel,which can simulate this phenomenon by producing an icing weather,is the most important equipment in this respect.Generally speaking,icing may take place at an altitude as high as 7 000 m,while the icing wind tunnel is on the ground.So it is necessary,for a new icing wind tunnel,to study whether the tunnel can simulate icing conditions at a high altitude.In this paper,the capability of an icing wind tunnel in design for simulating icing conditions at a high altitude is evaluated with an icing scaling law,which may determine whether a pressure -adjusting device is necessary for the tunnel.Each test parameter such as temperature,droplet diameter,liquid water content and velocity is studied to test whether its design value satisfies the requirement in simulating aircraft icing at a high altitude.It is shown that scale of the test model is the main factor to affect the simulation capability,and the design values of test parameters in the icing tunnel can satisfy the simulationrequirement even with increased icing altitude.If the ratio of the model size to the full scale size is larger than 0.1,without the pressure -adjusting device,the icing tunnel can simulate ice accretion occurring at an altitude of 7 000 meters.更多还原