【摘要】 依据太湖渔业和水环境监测资料,分析研究了1952～2006年太湖渔业产量、结构变化以及对水环境的影响。结果表明:1952～2006年太湖渔业总产量呈上升趋势;捕捞渔获物组成中,小型鱼类湖鲚为优势种,产量占渔获物比例从1952年的640.5t和15.8%增加至2006年的21130t和60.2%;而银鱼、鮊鱼、鲢鳙等其他鱼类在渔获物中比例大幅度下降,2006年渔获物组成远不及1952年合理。结果表明,太湖的逐渐富营养化、不合理的捕捞方式和过高的捕捞强度,以及太湖受改变的水力学特点等导致了这一变化。1991～2006年东太湖养殖渔业尤其是网围养蟹业迅速发展,养殖规模不断扩大后的大量投饵及不合理的水生植被利用方式给东太湖水环境带来了严重影响,东太湖水体现处于富营养状态。因此,需要控制太湖渔业捕捞强度、调整鱼种放流结构、加强鱼类资源繁殖保护,改善养殖渔业方式以及加强对湖泊水环境的综合整治,以使太湖渔业与水环境和谐可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on statistics of fishery data and water environment data in Taihu Lake,an investigation was carried out on changes in the yield and structure of fishery of Taihu Lake and the influence on the water environment.An increased tendency was found on total fish yield from 1952 to 2006.The changes in the yield and composition of fish catches showed that only lake anchovy(Coilia ectenes taihuensis Yen et Lin)had increased in their percentages in the fish catches from 640.5t accounting for 15.8% in 1952 to 21130t accounting for 60.2% in 2006.While the percentages of other fishes,such as ice fish(Protosalanx hyalocranius Abbott and Neosalanx tangkahkeii taihuensis Chen),topmouth culter(Erythroculter ilishaeformis Bleeker and Erythroculte rmongolian Basilewsky),silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Valenciennes)and bighead carp)Aristichthys nobilis Richardson),had decreased largely from 1952 to 2006.Analysis of fish composition showed that eutrophication of water body,irrational fishing method and over-fishing,as well as the ecological characteristics of the fishes were responsible of the changes.Enclosure aquaculture of East Taihu Lake,especially crab enclosure aquaculture,developed rapidly during 1991 and 2006,while excessive enclosure aquaculture,mass bait casting and unreasonable utilization of aquatic vegetation had a negative effect on the aquatic environment.East Taihu Lake was eutrophic at present.In order to promote the fishery development of Taihu Lake,it should control the type of fishing gear and fishing intensity,adjust the fishing season and stocking fish species and strengthen the protection of fish spawning place.Regarding to enclosure culture,the important measures are to strictly control the scale of enclosure culture,select right pattern of enclosure culture and increase the culture of high valued aquatic species.It also should implement water environment comprehensive regulation to improve sustainable development of fishery of Taihu Lake.更多还原