【摘要】 目的研究淡水鱼类对汞的富集特征,科学利用水生动物监测水环境汞污染;方法于2007年9月,在松花江流域的佳木斯江段和黑龙江的抚远江段分别采集鲢鱼、鲤鱼、鲫鱼、黄颡鱼、鲶鱼等140尾,测其含汞量,结合环境水质和底质中汞的监测结果,研究水生动物汞污染的生物学特征,分析水生动物对环境汞污染程度指示与评价的适用性。结果松花江佳木斯江段水汞、底质汞含量分别为0.053μg/L和0.27 mg/kg,黑龙江抚远江段水汞和底质汞含量分别为0.034μg/L和0.16 mg/kg。松花江佳木斯段的鲢鱼、鲤鱼、鲫鱼、黄颡、鲶鱼肌肉汞含量分别为0.070、0.120、0.113、0.152、0.196 mg/kg;黑龙江抚远段鲢鱼、鲤鱼、鲫鱼、黄颡、鲶鱼肌肉汞含量分别为0.042、0.103、0.095、0.157、0.174 mg/kg;在同一水域中,同种鱼的肌肉含汞量与其体重呈统计学正相关(P<0.05);经计算松花江佳木斯段同种同规格鱼体汞含量>黑龙江抚远段,与环境监测结果相符合。结论淡水鱼类能够较好地指示与评价水环境汞污染状况,监测时应采集同品种、同规格的生物并取相同部位进行检验和比较,如样品大小不统一也可通过线性回归方法计算出同品种、同规格的生物汞含量,然后对比分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective The present paper makes attempt to study the enrichment features of mercury in freshwater fishes and to evaluate the mercury contamination in environment with the fishes.Methods The fish samples of silver carp,common carp,johnny carp,shorthead catfish and catfish were collected from Songhua River and Heilongjiang River.The content of mercury in freshwater fishes,water and sediment was determined,the biological characteristic of mercury contamination in aquatic animal and the applicability of mercury contamination in aquatic amimal and its estimation were analyzed in Sep.,2007.Results The levels of mercury in river water and sediment were 0.053 μg/L and 0.27 mg/kg for samples collected from Jiamusi section of Songhua River,and 0.034 μg/L and 0.16 mg/kg for samples collected from Fuyuan section of Heilongjiang River.The concentrations of total mercury in the muscles of Songhua River’s silver carp,common carp,johnny carp,shorthead catfish and catfish was(0.070 ± 0.036),(0.120±0.071),(0.113±0.067),(0.152±0.107) and(0.196±0.095) mg/kg respectively.The concentrations of total mercury in the muscles of Heilongjiang River ’s silver carp,common carp,johnny carp,shorthead catfish and catfish was(0.042 ± 0.034),(0.103±0.077),(0.095±0.072),(0.157±0.118),(0.174±0.101) mg/kg respectively.The mercury content in fish in the same water environment was significantly positive correlated with its weight(P<0.05).The concentration of total mercury in fish in Songhua Rriver was higher than that in Heilongjiang River.The results of biological monitoring were consistent with those of environmental monitoring.Conclusion The freshwater fishes can better instruct and evaluate the condition of the mercury pollution in water environment.In monitoring,the sample should be collected from the same breed,size and position of the aquatic animal.The biological mercury content can be calculated by linear regression method if the sample comes from different sizes.更多还原