【摘要】 以淮南矿区为例,评价长期采矿活动(尤其是煤矸石堆积)造成的矿区水体中金属污染.从不同开采历史的矿井区中选择4个代表性采煤沉陷水体,系统采集表层沉积物样品.使用美国POEMS(Ⅱ)型电感耦合等离子体全谱直读光谱仪和原子荧光光谱仪对沉积物中主要有害金属元素(Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn,As,Hg)的含量进行分析,用加拿大沉积物标样(LKSD-1)控制分析质量.采用沉积物质量标准、地积累指数法、潜在生态危害系数法对金属元素污染及潜在生态风险进行评价.结果表明:沉积物已显现采矿活动的金属污染贡献,且具有累积性;开采历史及煤矸石风化时间越长,矿井区水体沉积物的金属污染程度越重.各金属元素污染程度均在中等以下,生态危害程度均为轻微级(Cd>Hg>Cu>As>Pb>Cr>Zn).说明在该典型低硫煤采矿区,近百年的采矿活动尚未导致矿区水体严重的金属污染.更多还原

【Abstract】 A case study on metals in sediment contaminated by coal mining activity was conducted through the survey of four subsidence-land-water-ponds in different coal mine regions with a variety of mining history in the Huainan mining area.Several metals(Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn,As,and Hg) in sediments were analyzed by IRIS Intrepid inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) and hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometer(HG-AFS) instruments.A certified reference material(LKSD-1,Lake Sediment) from the National Research Council of Canada was used for analytical quality control,and the result was validated with respect to accuracy and precision.Sediment quality guidelines,geo-accumulation index method,and potential ecological risk assessment were adopted to assess pollution and potential ecological risks of the metals in sediments.Contribution and accumulation of metals derived from mining activity were revealed.The difference of pollution and potential ecological risk for individual metals were clearly illustrated through the gradually reducing trend of their concentration in sediments from mine regions with different mining history from 25100 years.However,the trends were different for the various individual elements.Pollution of all elements investigated ranged below middle level and potential ecological risk was at slight degree with the order of individuals metals Cd>Hg>Cu>As>Pb>Cr>Zn.This study implied that long-term release of metals in association with 100-year typical low-sulfide coal mining history does not lead to serious sediment pollution in Huainan mining area.更多还原