【摘要】 国家是人权保障的主要义务主体。这是因为保障人权是国家存在的价值所在和行使国家权力的合法性基础;对人权的最大威胁也往往来自国家权力;社会主体之间侵犯人权的行为也仰仗国家的整治。人权的国家保障义务包括尊重、保护、满足和促进四个方面。按国家行为的性质可分为消极义务与积极义务;按社会主体的权利性质可分为对私权利和公权利的保护义务;还有经由人权推定而衍生的保护义务;以及国家对人权的国际义务。国家在履行人权保障义务时,应当遵守以人为本、人权保障优位原则;平等保护原则;他律与自律原则(以法控权和"克制保留义务")。国家(政府)违反人权义务应当承担国家责任。更多还原

【Abstract】 State is the main responsible agent for human rights protection on the ground that in human rights protection lies the value of the existence of a state and lays the foundation of justifiability for the state power,whereas the mains threats to human rights protection also comes from that power.Meanwhile,it is up to the state for correcting human rights violations between social agents.The state responsibility for human rights protection consists of respect,protection,satisfaction and promotion.Acts of the state can be either negative responsible or positive responsible.Both private rights and public rights are under protection.There also are protecting responsibilities derived from human rights.Apart from that is the state commitment for human rights protection.When the state responsibility for human rights protection is carried out,several principles should be adhered to,such as the people-oriented principle,the principle of human rights first and foremost,the principle of equal protection,and the principle of autonomy and heteronomy,that is,state power should be operated according to law.Therefore,if the state violates the responsibility of human rights protection,it will fall in the force of state commitment.更多还原