【摘要】 以PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)为相转移催化剂,在常压下由正丁醛自缩合生成辛烯醛,研究了反应时间、PVP分子量及催化体系(由PVP和氢氧化钠水溶液组成)的配比等对反应转化率和目标产物选择性的影响。实验结果表明,PVP能够显著增加正丁醛在水中的溶解性,并能吸附催化体系中的OH-进入有机相,提高反应的转化率和选择性。以PVPK25(M_W=24000)为相转移催化剂时催化合成辛烯醛较为适宜条件为:在100mL0.5%的氢氧化钠水溶液中,反应组成(正丁醛质量:离子液体质量:氢氧化钠质量)配比为80:1.5:0.5,预热温度为70℃,常压反应25min,正丁醛的转化率和辛烯醛的选择性分别达到98.87%和98.59%。与目前工业上所采用的工艺相比,降低了反应温度和压力,提高了反应速率和辛烯醛选择性。更多还原

【Abstract】 2-Ethylhexenal was synthesized by n-butanal using PVP（Polyvinylpyrrolidone） as phase transfer catalyst under atmospheric pressure.The effects of reaction time,Molecular weight（M_W） of PVP and the constituents of catalytic system on the conversion of n - butanal and the selectivity of 2 - ethylhexenal were investigated.The results showed that PVP could significantly increase the solubility of n - butanal in water,and adsorb OH^- of the catalyst system into the organic phase,so it could improve the conversion and selectivity of reaction.With PVPK25（M_W = 24000 ） as phase transfer catalyst,the optimum reaction conditions of n - butanal self - aldol condensation were:the constituents of feed fluids （n - butanal、PVP and sodium hydroxide） m_Butl:m_PVP:m_NaOH = 80:1.5:0.5,the pre - reaction temperature 70℃and the reaction time 25 min under atmospheric pressure,and the conversion of n - butanal and the selectivity of 2 - ethylhexenal reached 98.87%and 98.59%,respectively.Compared with the current technology used in industry,it significantly reduced the temperature and pressure of reaction,and increased the rate of reaction and the selectivity of 2 - ethylhexenal.更多还原