【摘要】 目的研究过氯酸铵(AP)粉尘对作业工人健康的影响。方法选择甲、乙两厂接触AP粉尘的作业工人66人为接触组,选择不接触AP粉尘的作业工人48人为对照组。调查两厂一般情况,监测作业场所的AP粉尘浓度,对两组人群进行职业体检,询问职业史和临床表现,检测血常规、肝肾功能、甲状腺激素指标、肺通气功能和X射线胸片检查。结果乙厂的AP粉尘平均浓度(31.36 mg/m3)显著高于甲厂(2.53 mg/m3),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。调查显示,接触组的年龄和工龄(40.97岁,19.8 a)、分别与对照组(40.04岁,20.8 a)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。接触组呼吸系统及消化系统症状检出率(31.8%,18.2%)均显著高于对照组(10.4%,4.2%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。肺通气功能检查,接触组人群的FEV1.0/FVC%显著高于对照组。X线胸片检查发现,1名接触AP粉尘26年的退休工人,其胸片可见不规则形肺间质纤维化阴影,诊断为尘肺Ⅰ期。结论长期吸入较高浓度的AP粉尘,会导致肺部纤维化改变,AP接尘工人呼吸系统症状显著高于对照人群,表明AP粉尘对呼吸系统存在危害影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To study the effect of ammonium perchlorate(AP)dust on health of operating workers.Methods 66 workers exposed to ammonium perchlorate dust and 48 workers unexposed to the dust from two factories A and B were selected as the exposure and control groups.Investigations on the working condition and sampling of dust in the workplaces and a special medical examination were conducted for two groups,including occupational history,clinical manifestations,blood routine test,hepatic and renal functions,indexes of thyroid hormone,spirometric test and chest X-ray.Results The average concentration of ammonium perchlorate dust in two factories was 2.53mg/m3 and 31.36mg/m3 respectively,dust concentration in factory B was higher than that in factory A(P<0.01).The mean age and employment duration of the exposure group and the control group were 40.97 and 40.04 years,and 19.8 and 20.8 years respectively,the difference was not significant between these groups(P>0.05).The symptoms of respiratory and digestive systems(31.8% and 18.2%) in the exposure group were significantly higher than those in the control group(10.4% and 4.2%),(P<0.05 or P<0.01)respectively.The pulmonary function result showed that FEV1.0/FVC% in the exposure group was significantly higher than that of the control group.One retired worker exposed to AP for 26 years in the exposure group was found to have irregular opacities showing interstitial fibrosis by X-ray examination,who was diagnosed as a case of pneumoconiosis in stageⅠ.Conclusions Long-term exposure to AP dust at high levels may induce hazardous effects in respiratory system and even to induce pulmonary fibrosis.更多还原