【摘要】 目的探讨表面肌电和心电技术评价不同手工搬举下腰背部竖脊肌的劳动负荷,以期获得最佳搬举技术。方法30名大学生志愿者在实验室模拟手工搬举作业,分别测定和分析蹲举、背举和半蹲举的左、右侧胸10水平竖脊肌(LT10、RT10)和腰3水平竖脊肌(LL3、RL3)表面肌电、心率和Borg量表分值的变化情况。结果3种搬举技术下,男性LT10、RT10和女性LL3、RL3竖脊肌表面肌电幅度均方根值的最大随意收缩百分比(percentage of maximum voluntary electrical activation,MVE%)均较休息时高(P<0.05)。男性LT10、LL3和女性RT10、LT10的MVE%在蹲举时最高(P<0.05)。女性RL3的MVE%在半蹲举时最低(P<0.05),而女性LL3的MVE%在背举时最低(P<0.05)。男性LT10和女性LT10、LL3的中位频率(MF)均高于休息时的值(P<0.05),而男性、女性RL3的MF值均低于休息时的值(P<0.05)。3种搬举技术下,男性、女性的MF值无统计学意义。与休息时比较,3种搬举技术下,男性、女性心率均高于休息时的值(P<0.05)。男性、女性在背举时心率最低(P<0.05),蹲举时心率最高(P<0.05)。3种搬举技术下,Borg量表分值无统计学意义。结论相同搬举负荷时,蹲举是不推荐的搬举。尽管背举时肌肉和心血管应激程度较低,但是竖脊肌薄,在生物力学上力矩短,我们不提倡使用它来搬举重物。基于上述原因,我们认为半蹲举是一种适宜的搬举技术,此时肌肉和心血管应激处于较低水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the using of surface electromyography(sEMG)and electrocardiography(ECG)in evaluation of lower back erector spine workload in different manual lifting techniques,so as to find out the optimal lifting technique.Methods 30 student volunteers simulated manual lifting in the laboratory.Then the sEMG signals of the left and right chest 10 level(LT10 and RT10) and waist 3 level(RL3 and LL3) erector spine muscles(ES),heart rates(HRs),and the values of Borg scale in three manual lifting techniques were measured and analyzed.Results In three lifting techniques,male percentage of the maximum voluntary electrical activation(MVE%) of root mean square values(RMS) of surface myoelectric amplitude of LT10 and RT10 and female MVE% of LL3 and RL3 were higher than those at rest(P<0.05).Both male MVE% of LT10 and LL3 and female MVE% of RT10 and LT10 were the highest in squat lifting(P<0.05).Female MVE% of RL3 was the lowest on semi-squat lifting(P<0.05),but female MVE% of LL3 was the lowest on stoop lifting(P<0.05).Both male medium frequency(MF) of LT10 and female MF of LT10 and LL3 were higher than those at rest(P<0.05),but male MF of RL3 and female MF of RL3 were lower than those at rest(P<0.05).Among the three lifting techniques,all male and female MF values were not statistically different.To compare with the values at rest,both male and female heart rates(HRs) were higher than those at rest(P<0.05).In three lifting techniques,male and female HRs were the lowest in stoop lifting(P<0.05),and were the highest in squat lifting(P<0.05).However,the values of Borg scale of three lifting tasks had no difference in statistics.Conclusions When lifting loads are equal,the squat lifting technique is not recommended.Although in stoop lifting the muscles and heart stresses are lower,yet the erector spine muscles are thin and biomechanical torques are short,so that this lifting technique is not preferable.Based on the above-mentioned reasons,it is suggested that semi-squat lifting technique is an appropriate technique.In this pattern,the muscles and heart stresses are in a lower level.更多还原