【摘要】 利用RAPD标记分析了珠母贝属常见的马氏珠母贝、大珠母贝、珠母贝、解氏珠母贝以及珍珠贝属常见企鹅珍珠贝的系统发育,同时分析了马氏珠母贝和大珠母贝不同地理种群的遗传多样性,并以邻接法(neighbor-joining,NJ)构建了种间及种群间的系统分支图。结果表明:(1)在珍珠贝5种9个种群中,大珠母贝的4个种群最早聚在一起分别成为2个姊妹群,这2个姊妹群聚合为1个单元群后,又与珠母贝聚在一起,然后才与马氏珠母贝姊妹群聚合成的单元群聚合,再与解氏珠母贝聚合,最后才与企鹅珍珠贝聚合;(2)珠母贝属4种珍珠贝进化程度由低到高的等级顺序为解氏珠母贝-马氏珠母贝-珠母贝-大珠母贝;解氏珠母贝是最晚形成的种类;(3)比较5种珍珠贝野生种群的Nei’s多样性和Shannon多样性值为:马氏珠母贝(0.4111和0.5933)>珠母贝(0.3971和0.5784)>企鹅珠母贝(0.3831和0.5493)>大珠母贝(0.3388和0.4999)>解氏珠母贝(0.3016和0.4452);(4)无论是马氏珠母贝,还是大珠母贝,野生种群的遗传多样性值均大于养殖种群。更多还原

【Abstract】 Phylogenetics and genetic diversities of five common pearl oysters,Pinctada martensii,P. maxma,P. margaritifera,P. chemnitzi and Pteria penguin were analyzed by using random amplified polymorphism DNA. Interspecies and inter-population phylogenetic trees were constructed by using the Neighbor-Joining method. The results are as follow:(1) Genetic distance analysis indicated that four P. maxma populations cluster together,then gather with P. margaritifera to become a group,and that two P. martensii populations cluster together. The group with P. maxma and P. margaritifera clusters with the P. martensii group to make a new link,and then cluster with P. chemnitz.(2) Their evolutionary order,from low to high,is P. chemnitzi,P. matensii,P. margaritifera and P. maxma,speciation of P. chemnitzi is the latest.(3) Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon’s index were estimated for wild populations of five pearl oysters to be 0.411 1 and 0.593 3(P. martensii)>0.397 1 and 0.578 4(P. margaritifera)>0.383 1 and 0.549 3(Pteria penguin)>0.338 8 and 0.499 9(P. maxma)>0.301 6 and 0.445 2(P. chemnitzi),respectively.(4) The genetic diversity of wild P. matensii and P. maxma,were higher in wild populations than in their cultured counterpart.更多还原