【摘要】 自20世纪40年代系统方法论(system methodology,SM)出现以来,发展经历了三个阶段,本文将该三个阶段具有代表性的三种SM做了比较分析,指出它们之间的内在联系和主要差异:在内在联系上,表现在后续的SM主要是针对已有SM的缺陷发展起来的;在差异上,则突出表现在:理念、实践背景、学科背景、应用范围、发展特点上。这种分析的启示是:认识SM必须和其所处的社会经济技术背景以及需要解决的问题实际相联系,而复杂性认知和复杂性科学的兴起将给SM的发展带来全新的思维模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the emergence of System Methodology(SM) in the forties of twenty century,three main developing stages can be divided.In this paper will carry out a comparison among the three typical SMs which represents the three different stages.These three MSs are: Hard System methodology(HSM),Soft System methodology(SSM),and Complex System methodology(CSM).By this comparison we point out their interior relations and differences.On the interior relations: each subsequent SM is developed upon the deficiency of the earlier one.On the differences: there are mainly different in idea,practice background,theoretical subject base,application scope and developing characteristics.更多还原