【摘要】 文中以内蒙古鄂尔多斯市为研究区,以1988和2000年土地覆被数据为基础,以ARC GIS9.0和FRAGSTATS3.3为分析平台,对区域景观结构和功能进行动态分析。其中,结构分析主要采用景观指数方法;功能分析采用生态系统服务功能核算的方法。结果表明:1988-2000年间,景观整体上分布还较均匀,连通性增加,丰富度减少,有向不均匀发展的态势,服务功能景观上以草地为主,功能类型上以调节功能为主,整体生态服务功能减少。草地景观形状指数较大,形状复杂,高、中覆盖草地比例减少,聚集度指数增加,低覆盖草地比例增加,聚集度指数减少,生态服务功能下降,说明草地处于退化中;在服务功能中比重不大的林地和水域对区域生态效应的发挥有重要作用,虽然面积变化不大,但是破碎化程度增加,对其环境调节功能有一定影响;耕地和建设用地受人类干扰严重,斑块形状很规则。未利用地面积占30%左右,多为沙漠和荒地,生态脆弱,开发利用时要注意建立生态补偿机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the Erdos land use data of 1988 and 2000,using ARC GIS9.0 and FRAGSTATS3.3 as analysis flat,the changes of landscape structure and function were analyzed.Structure analysis was done by the landscape index methods,function analysis was done by the method of calculating the ecosystem service evaluation.The results showed that: during 1988-2000 landscape distribution showed uniformity,connectivity increased and diversity decreased.There was asymmetrical trend.As to the service function at landscape type aspect,grassland occupied the most percent;at the function type aspect,sustainable function occupied the most percent,the whole service function decreased.Grassland shape index was bigger,so its shape was complex,high and middle cover grassland percent were decreasing;low cover grassland percent was increasing;service function decreasing,so grassland was degenerating.Although the area changes of woodland and water which have important environment benefit were very small,but the fragmentation of landscape was bigger than before.It influenced environment benefit adjusting function.Farmland and building land suffered too much from human,so patch shape was more regular than others.Unused land area occupied more than 30%,most were land and desert,ecosystem was very brittle,so it needed to build a method to compensated the loss of ecosystem when use this land.更多还原