【摘要】 根据《地面气象观测规范》的要求,在祁连山森林内外建立两个相同的地面气象站,对气温、湿度、土壤温度、降水量、蒸发量等因子进行对比研究,采用同期林内外气象因子的差值来分析其差异特征。结果表明:(1)林内平均气温、土壤温度、降水量和蒸发量相对林外明显偏低,但是,林内湿度相对林外偏高;(2)林内温差和湿度变化幅度明显较林外小,从生态环境学的角度揭示了森林小气候功能,为生态环境建设提供决策依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to "Surface meteorological observation Standard",two surface meteorological observation stations with same instruments inside & outside forest in Qilian Mountains were set up for contrasting the factors of atmosphere temperature,atmosphere humidity,soil temperature,precipitation and evaporation.The paper collected the meteorological value inside & outside the forest at the same period to analyze their differences.The results showed that:(1) the average values of atmosphere temperature,soil temperature,precipitation and evaporation inside forest are obviously lower than those outside forest,and humidity inside forest is relatively higher;(2) the atmosphere temperature difference and the atmosphere humidity changing range inside forest are more obvious than those outside the forest.The reasons for the results are as follows:(1) forest crown absorbing the sun radiation and emitting ground long wave radiation,which not only causes the temperatures in summer and daytime inside forest are obvious lower than those outside the forest,but also causes daily and annual average temperatures inside forest are higher than those outside the forest;and the influence of the sun radiation also causes the soil temperature inside the forest lower than those outside the forest;(2) Picea crassifolia forest is a mature natural wood and its crown can withhold precipitation,which makes the precipitation inside forest is less than that outside the forest,and the lush forest crown also impede air exchanging with the outside,which makes the inner region of forest and forest plant maintain more moisture,and air moisture inside the forest are higher than that outside the forest.The results have revealed the forest microclimate function from the ecology angle and provided the policy-making basis for the ecological environment construction.更多还原