【摘要】 集体化时期的合作医疗制度始终坚持缓解农村医疗困境的大方向,通过发挥集体经济的优势、进行医务人员"在地化"培训以及坚持"预防为主"等方式,让有史以来人数最多的农民有了制度化的健康保障,充分体现了社会主义制度的优越性,并赢得国际社会的广泛赞誉。取得如此成就的原因,国家领导人的高度重视、国家的政策倾向,以及"文化大革命"的推动缺一不可。而这些因素发挥作用,又必须以集体经济为依托。虽然合作医疗制度在具体操作中也存在基层干部及赤脚医生玩忽职守、营私舞弊等问题,但其在国家一穷二白的条件下所取得的成就依然是共和国医疗卫生史上的制高点。更多还原

【Abstract】 The cooperative medical care system in rural areas during the collective transformation always adhered to the general direction of alleviating the straightened circumstances of rural medical care and,through giving full scope to the advantages of collective economy,"locally-oriented"training of medical staff and relying"mainly on prevention",provided historically unprecedented institutionalized health security for the largest population of peasants,which fully demonstrated the superiority of socialism and won widespread international approval.These achievements were scored due to the factors of great importance attached by the state leaders,the national policy orientation and the promotion by"the Cultural Revolution".And these factors were brought into full play with the backing of collective economy.True,in the practice of cooperative medical care system the grassroots cadres and barefoot doctors sometimes neglected their duty and engaged in fraud for selfish ends,but the results achieved in the conditions of"poverty and blankness"of our country at that time have remained the most glorious in the medical and health history of the Republic.更多还原