【摘要】 在裙带菜雌配子体的切碎培养中,通过成熟的卵孤雌生殖获得幼孢子体,经染色体观察其染色体数为30条,而正常幼孢子体的染色体为60条。采用切除假根的方法从孤雌生殖幼孢子体体细胞中诱导出雌配子体。在设定的不同温度下,20℃下诱导5 d时开始出现雌配子体,培养60 d后雌配子体的诱导率达到100%;15℃下诱导5 d后出现雌配子体,培养60 d后的诱导率为45%;10℃下诱导45 d后才开始出现雌配子体,培养60 d后的诱导率仅为12%。将诱导产生的雌配子体切碎,在20℃下培养5 d后开始成熟,10 d后成熟率为75%,15 d后成熟率达到100%,与对照组正常的雌配子体无明显差异(P>0.05)。使用孤雌生殖幼孢子体诱导产生的雌配子体与正常雄配子体杂交,幼孢子体的形成率为88%,与正常雌雄配子体杂交的幼孢子体的形成率(92%)差异不显著(P>0.05)。将诱导产生的雌配子体与正常雄配子体混合切碎并撒在维尼纶育苗绳上,30 d后培育出藻体长度为1~2 mm的裙带菜幼苗。更多还原

【Abstract】 Thirty chromosomes were observed in the parthenogenetic cells of fragments excised in the juvenile sporophytes of mature seaweed Undaria pinnatifida while sixty chromosomes were found in the normal juvenile sporophytes.Then the female gametophytes were induced from the vegetative cells of the parthenogenesis juvenile sporophytes whose rhizoids were cut off.Nearly 100% of female gametophytes were induced at 20 ℃,higher than 45% at 15 ℃ and 12% at 10 ℃.The induced female gametophytes had 100% of maturation rate by being excised into fragments at 20 ℃ 15 days after culture,without significant difference between the induced female gametophytes and the normal ones(P>0.05).There was also no significant difference in the production rate of young sporophytes between the group of crossing induced female gametophytes and normal male ones(88%) and the group of crossing normal female with normal male(92%)(P>0.05).The mixture of induced female gametophytes and normal male ones were excised into fragments and then spread on vinylon strings.The seedlings with length of 1-2 mm were appearance 30 days after culture.更多还原