【摘要】 传统昆虫分类学主要从昆虫形态特征着手,是进行昆虫分类的主要方法,但形态分类的方法在较低的分类阶元中有着较大的局限性。近年来分子生物学技术同传统分类学方法相结合,在昆虫分类学研究中得到广泛的应用。本文概述了随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术的技术基础,分析了PAPD简便快捷、费用低、灵敏度高、对模板纯度要求不高、能充分反映模板的多态性等技术优势;同时指出了该技术稳定性和可重复性差、不能对纯合体杂合体加以区分、存在共迁移问题等不足之处;阐述了近年来国内外RAPD技术在同翅目、蜚蠊目、双翅目、鳞翅目、直翅目、鞘翅目等昆虫的分类鉴定及昆虫系统发育分析中的应用。本文认为,PAPD技术扩展了分子生物学技术在昆虫分类学的应用范围,该技术的成功应用,极大地提高了昆虫分类学研究的水平,并且随着技术手段的不断进步有着更为广阔的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Traditional insect taxonomy was the main way of insect classification, which classified the insects by morphology. However, morphological classification has significant limitations at lower taxonomic levels because it is diffeicult to confirm its taxonomy boundaries. The definition of the taxonomic boundaries at lower level relies on environmental and subjective factors. In recent years, the development in the technology of molecular biology and traditional taxonomy has provided broad prospect for insect taxonomy. This paper summarizes the basic technology of random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technology, analyzes the advantages of RAPD, simple and rapid, low cost, high sensitivity, not high demand for purity of template and fully reflect polymorphism of the template. Meanwhile, the shortages of this technology, such as poor stability and reproducibility, can not distinguish homozygote from heterozygote and has the problem of co-migrating and so on. Also in this paper, the applications of RAPD in classification and identification and phylogeny analysis of homoptera、blattariae、diptera、lepidoptera、orthoptera、coleoptera in recent years are expatiated. In addition, RAPD extends the application range of molecular biological techniques in the study of insect taxonomy. Moreover, RAPD are successfully applied to the study of insect taxonomy. All this significantly improves the study level of insect taxonomy, and will have more expansive application foreground with the increasing development of related technology means.更多还原