【摘要】 根据最新的水资源调查评价结果,分析了中国水资源的现状和特点:总量丰富,但人均占有量低;年内年际分配不匀,旱涝灾害频繁,水资源供需矛盾突出;地区分布不均,水土资源不相匹配;水资源利用率低,污染严重。在此基础上,分析了我国水资源安全目前存在的主要问题:水资源时空分布不均严重阻碍社会经济发展;水资源供需矛盾严重,水资源利用效率低下;水质危机导致水资源危机,生态环境恶化严重;水资源管理缺乏科学体制。认为21世纪中国的水资源矛盾将进一步加剧,我国必须进行大规模的改革和强有力的措施,包括节约用水,建立节水型工业,提高用水效率,加强水污染防治,引入市场机制,加强科技创新,树立可持续发展的思想,实行水资源的统一科学管理,维护我国的水资源安全,以缓解我国水资源的供需矛盾,实现经济和社会的可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the latest results of the investigation and assessment of water resources in China,the current situation and features of water resources in China were analyzed:rich total,small per-capita quantity;uneven distribution among years and occasion,frequent droughts and floods,obvious contradiction between water supply and demand;uneven space distribution,imbalance between water and soil resources;low utilization rate of water resources and serious pollution.On this basis,the main issues existing in water resources security in China are showed in this paper:floods and drought hinder the economic development;water shortage and waste coexist;ecological degradation and serious water pollution;industrial structure and layout are unfit for water conditions;lack of scientific system of water resource management.The contradiction of water resource in China will be more intensified in the 21st century.Large-scale reforms and strong measures must be curried out to promote reasonable utilization and protection of water resources.更多还原