【摘要】 基于策勒绿洲78个取样点的地下水埋深、矿化度和pH值的观测资料,应用遥感、地理信息系统、空间插值和地质统计学分析的方法对所取数据进行空间变异性分析.结果表明:1)地下水埋深和pH值服从正态分布,矿化度服从对数正态分布;2)地下水埋深、矿化度和pH值都具有强烈的空间相关性,在步长为8km范围之内,地下水特征的空间变异是各向同性的,当步长>8km时,四个方向上的半变异函数发生了不同的变化;3)受盆地地形影响,地下水埋深从南到北变浅,东部区域埋深最浅,最小为1.56m;矿化度分布趋势则是从南到北逐渐增大;pH值高值区发生在绿洲东南部和中北部,pH值高的区域矿化度较低,而pH值低的区域矿化度较高;4)绿洲耕地主要分布于地下水位埋深为5～25m,且矿化度<2.0g·L-1的区域;林地和草地分布于绿洲边缘区,该区域地下水埋深浅,平均水位<10m,而地下水矿化度较高,>2.0g·L-1.更多还原

【Abstract】 Base on the observation data of the groundwater tables,salinities and pH values of the 78 sampling points in the Qira oasis,using geostatistic methods,the spatial variabilities of data are analyzed by the semi-variogram and Kriging interpolation,showing some merit in rational using the groundwater resources and preventing soil secondary salinization with a scientific basis. The results indicate that:(1) The depths of groundwater and pH values show a normal distribution,the mineralization show a lognormal distribution,and the coefficient of variation is 0.63,0.59 and 0.04 (the former two is middle variation and the latter one is weak variation); (2) Groundwater table depths,salinities and pH values have a strong space-related and their space-related distance is 9.76 km,4.38 km,0.89 km. Anisotropic analysis shows that:h is in the range of 8 km. The spatial variability of groundwater character is isotropic,but h is beyond 8 km and the anisotropy of spatial variability is evidently changing in the direction of 45° and 135°. (3) The result of Kriging interpolation shows groundwater table depth rising from south to north,the depth of eastern region being shallower,with a minimum value of 1.56 m; the distribution trend of salinity is gradually increasing from south to north; high-value areas of pH value appear in the southeast and north-central part of the Qira oasis; in the area with high pH,the salinity is low,and in the area with low pH value,the mineralization is high; (4) Arable lands of oasis are mainly located in the regions where the groundwater table is 5 to 25 m and the mineralization is less than 2.0 g·L-1; woodland and grassland are mainly located in the sides of the oasis where the groundwater depth is higher,less than 10 m,and groundwater mineralization is higher than 2.0 g·L-1.更多还原