【摘要】 [目的]探讨4种食用菌提取物对西瓜炭疽(Colletotrichum orbiculareArx)和辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici)生长的影响。[方法]金针菇(Flammulina velutipe)、平菇(Pleurotus streatus)、香菇(Lentinus edodesSingShiitake)和木耳(Auricularia auriculawoodEar)分别与蒸馏水混合后破碎,过滤,离心得到提取物,以西瓜炭疽、辣椒疫霉2种植物病原菌为供试菌,对提取物的抑菌活性进行了测试。[结果]金针菇、平菇和木耳提取物对这2种菌株的菌丝生长有一定的抑制活性,其抑制率与提取物浓度呈正相关,其中木耳提取物对2种菌株抑制率最高,达到100%;而香菇提取物对西瓜炭疽菌抑制率较低,对辣椒疫霉甚至有促进菌丝生长作用;金针菇、木耳提取物经高温处理(120℃)后,2种食用菌对西瓜炭疽菌的抑制率均降低,对辣椒疫霉的抑制率则出现不同的结果,处理后的金针菇提取物对辣椒疫霉具有促进作用,而木耳提取物对其抑制率依然达100%,对西瓜炭疽的活性有所降低,仅为53.6%。[结论]4种供试食用菌中确实存在抗植物病源真菌物质,这些物质对温度具有一定的敏感性,为生物抑制剂的开发奠定了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] The effect of the extracts from four species of mushroom: Flammulina velutipe,Pleurotus streatus,Lentinus edodes SingShiitake and Auricularia auriculawood Ear,on the growth of Colletotrichum orbiculare Arx and Phytophthora capsici was experimented.[Method] The extractives from the four species of mushroom were produced through the mixture with after distilled water,broken,filtered and centrifuged.The inhibiting effect of the extractive on two species of fungi was tested.[Result] The results showed that the extracts from Flammulina velutipe,Pleurotus streatus and Auricularia auriculawood Ear could inhibiter the hyphae growth of Colletotrichum orbiculare Arx and Phytophthora capsici,and the inhibiting effect was the positive correlation with the concentration of extracts.The inhibition effect of the extractives from Auricularia auriculawood Ear on Phytophthora capsici was also the highest,reaching to 100%.The extractives from Lentinus edodes SingShiitake had low inhibiting effect on pathogenic fungi and it could even promote the hyphae growth of Phytophthora capsici.The inhibition effect of the extractives of Flammulina velutipe and Auricularia auriculawood Ear,which were treated with high temperature(120 ℃),on Colletotrichum orbiculare Arx was reduced.And the treated extracts from Flammulina velutipe could promote the hyphae growth of Phytophthora capsici but the effect of the treated extracts from the Auricularia auriculawood Ear on Phytophthora capsici was 100% and on Colletotrichum orbiculare Arx failed to 53.6%.[Conclusion] There were the anti-athogenic materials in four species of mushroom and these materials were sensitive to temperature,which could lay the foundation for the development of bio-inhibitor.更多还原