【摘要】 目的:探讨不同结构的家庭精神环境特征、父母与儿童的个性特征及它们之间的关系。方法:采用分层随机整群抽样法,测查了芜湖地区6573例3～16岁儿童的家庭,由家长填写家庭环境量表、成人艾森克人格问卷及一般情况调查表,同时用儿童艾森克人格问卷测查了3754例小学四年级至初中三年级学生。结果:单亲家庭的亲密度、成功性、道德宗教观因子分低于核心家庭与主干家庭(如亲密度6.9±2.2/7.7±1.7、7.7±1.7,P<0.001),而矛盾性得分高于主干家庭(3.0±2.0/2.5±1.9,P<0.001);核心家庭的情感表达(5.6±1.6)、矛盾性(2.9±2.0)得分高于主干家庭(5.5±1.6、2.5±1.9)(P<0.001);单亲家庭中父、母的精神质和神经质得分均高于核心家庭和主干家庭(如父亲精神质50.8±11.3/47.5±10.8,47.6±11.0,P=0.001);核心家庭父亲的神经质得分高于主干家庭(47.3±10.4/46.2±10.3,P<0.001);单亲家庭儿童的神经质得分高于核心家庭和主干家庭(54.5±11.0/51.2±11.3、51.4±10.7,P<0.001),而掩饰性得分低于核心家庭和主干家庭(47.1±9.5/49.8±9.8、50.1±10.0,P<0.001)。回归分析显示家庭矛盾性、母亲的神经质因子分别影响儿童精神质和神经质(β=0.309,0.242)(P<0.001)。结论:主干家庭和核心家庭的精神环境、其父母及儿童的个性均优于单亲家庭,主干家庭的精神环境及父亲个性优于核心家庭;良好的家庭精神环境和父母健全的人格有利于培养儿童人格特征向健康方向发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To explore the characteristics of family spiritual atmosphere of different family structures,children’s and parents’ personalities,and the relationship between those variables.Method:6573 families with children(aged from 3-16)in Wuhu district were investigated with stratified cluster sampling method.The parents were asked to fill in the Family Environment Scale,Adult Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,and a questionnaire about general situation.Also 3754 students(from grade 5 to grade 9)were involved,finishing Children Eysenck Personality Questionnaire.Results:The factor values of intimacy,achievement,and moral-religious emphasis in single parent families(SPFs)were all lower than that in nuclear families(NFs)or stem families(SFs)(eg.the values of intimacy were 6.9±2.2/7.7±1.7,7.7±1.7;P<0.001);the value of conflict in SPFs was higher than that in SFs(3.0±2.0/2.5±1.9,P<0.001);the values of emotional expression(5.6±1.6)and conflict(2.9±2.0)in NFs were higher than that in SFs(5.5±1.6,2.5±1.9)(P<0.001);the values of parent’s spiritual quality and neuroticism in SPFs were higher than that in NFs and SFs(the values of father’s spiritual quality were:50.8±11.3/47.5±10.8,47.6±11.0;P=0.001);the value of father’s spiritual quality in NFs was higher than that in SFs(47.3±10.4/46.2±10.3,P<0.001);the value of children’s spiritual quality in SPFs was higher than that in NFs and SFs(54.5±11.0/51.2±11.3,51.4±10.7;P<0.001).Regression Analysis indicates:family conflict and mother’s neuroticism had an effect on children’s spiritual quality and neuroticism,respectively(β=0.309,0.242)(P<0.001).Conclusion:The spiritual atmosphere in NFs and SFs is superior to that in SPFs,and children’s and parents’ personalities are superior to those in SPFs;spiritual atmosphere and father’s personality in SFs are superior to those in NFs.Well family spiritual atmosphere and parent’s sound personality are good for healthy development of children’s personality.更多还原