【摘要】 【目的】研究重庆市39个区县农业面源污染的主要污染物、主要污染源、主要影响因子、主要污染区域。【方法】按照重庆市"一圈两翼"发展战略,在区县级尺度上,采用清单分析方法,核算化学肥料施用、有机肥施用、农作物秸秆、畜禽养殖、水产养殖、农村生活污水、生活垃圾和农田土壤侵蚀等8个来源对农业面源污染化学需氧量(COD)、生化需氧量(BOD5)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)排放负荷及其贡献。应用"压力-响应"指标体系,对农业面源污染进行源解析。【结果】重庆市农业面源污染引起的COD、BOD5、TN、TP绝对排放量分别为60.13×104、29.62×104、16.22×104和3.29×104t·a-1,其负荷已超过城市工业与生活污染负荷。因农业面源污染引起COD、BOD5、TN、TP的排放浓度分别是20.72、10.64、5.58、1.27mg·L-1。TN、TP均已达到严重污染水平,BOD5达到轻度污染水平,COD显示为临界警戒水平。"一圈"地区严重污染,"两翼地区"中度污染。【结论】主要污染物是TP、TN,主要污染源是畜禽养殖和化肥施用,主要影响因子是农业总产值。基于国土等标排放系数的压力态势和水质指数的响应态势,确定主要污染区域是沙坪坝区、大渡口区、合川区、永川区、荣昌县、铜梁县、璧山县、大足县等区县。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】The case of 39 districts (counties) was used to determine the primary pollutants, the primary pollution source, the primary affecting factors and the primary contaminated area of the agriculture non-point source pollution (NPSP) in Chongqing. 【Method】According to developing strategy of One-Hour Economic Circle and Two Wings, the discharge amounts of COD, BOD5, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) was accounted by the list analysis on the scale of districts (counties) from the 8 sources of NPSP such as chemical inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers, crops straw, stockbreeding, aquiculture, domestic sewage, domestic wastes and soil erosion, and the loading of NPSP was apportioned by the pressure-response indexes system. 【Result】The absolute discharge amount of COD, BOD5, TN and TP from NPSP were 601.3, 296.2, 162.2, and 32.9 thousand ton per year, indicating this loading excess that of industrial and domestic pollution source. The discharge concentration of COD, BOD5, TN and TP from NPSP were 20.72, 10.64, 5.58, and 1.27 mg·L-1, respectively, and water quality had been seriously polluted, in details, that in the One-Hour Economic Circle, Two Wings was heavily, moderately polluted.【Conclusion】The primary pollutants were TP and TN, the primary pollution source were stockbreeding and chemical inorganic fertilizers, the primary affecting factors were agricultural production general value, the primary contaminated districts (counties) were Shapingba, Dadukou, Hechuan, Yongchuan, Rongchang, Tongliang, Bishan and Dazu based on pollution pressure-response system.更多还原