【摘要】 美国宪法第四修正案赋予了人民反对政府不合理搜查和扣押的权利。美国最高法院阐释第四修正案的第三人理论,认为个人对自愿披露给第三人的信息不享有隐私权。该理论一方面影响了美国通讯隐私领域内法律渊源的主要形式,即以制定法调整为主;另一方面,塑造了美国刑事诉讼中通讯隐私的法律轮廓,导致了立法对存储信息与传输中的信息予以不同层级的保护。第三人理论的本质关系到隐私内涵的界定,即隐私是限于信息的秘密性还是与自治、自决等价值相联系。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Fourth Amendment to the United States’ Constitution endows people with the right against unreasonable searches and seizures. The Supreme Court interpreted the Fourth Amendment with third party doctrine, which contends that the individual will enjoy no privacy if he voluntarily revealed the information to a third party. Third party doctrine made the communication privacy a domain regulated mainly by statutes, and on the other hand, it shaped the frame of communication privacy in criminal procedure jurisprudence, leading to different levels of protection for stored information and information in transit. Third party doctrine is in essence concerned with the definition of privacy, as to the question that privacy is limited to the secrecy of information or also related to autonomy, self-determination and other values.更多还原