【摘要】 试验对北方干旱内陆河流域(张掖)春小麦调亏灌溉进行研究,设计了8个不同土壤水分亏缺处理,以探索调亏灌溉对该区春小麦耗水特征、地上部生物量、收获指数、供水效率等指标的影响。结果表明:在调亏灌溉条件下,不同水分调亏处理、不同产量水平下春小麦0~120 cm土层阶段耗水量和日耗水强度差异较小,小麦耗水模系数全生育期变化趋势也较为一致,且在播种~分蘖期和分蘖~拔节期最小,而拔节~孕穗期和抽穗~灌浆期最大;与未调亏的对照(全生育期充分供水,FFF)相比,干旱环境下调亏灌溉能显著提高春小麦地上部生物量和供水效率,而收获指数除2004年LLM(拔节、孕穗和抽穗轻度水分亏缺而灌浆~生理成熟中度亏缺)和MFL(拔节中度水分亏缺、孕穗和抽穗充分供水而灌浆~生理成熟轻度亏缺)调亏处理与未调亏的对照无显著差异外,其他调亏处理收获指数均比对照显著降低。小麦地上部生物量和供水效率分析表明,全生育期最优水分调亏模式为HFF(拔节重度水分亏缺、孕穗和抽穗及灌浆~生理成熟充分供水)处理,即春小麦孕穗和抽穗期及灌浆~生理成熟期均高水分处理(65%~70%田间持水量)而拔节期重度水分调亏(45%~50%田间持水量),灌溉定额为440 mm左右(包括晚秋季储水灌100 mm)。更多还原

【Abstract】 A field experiment was conducted in 2003 and 2004 wheat growing seasons to explore the effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation(RDI) on water consumption characteristics,aboveground biomass,Harvest Index(HI),and Supplied Water Use Efficiency(SWUE) of spring-wheat in the arid northern inland river basin(Zhangye) of China,using eight designed soil water deficit treatments.The study shows no significant difference in phasic and diurnal water consumption among the different water deficit treatments,and under various yield performance levels.Furthermore,phasic crop water consumption ratio to total water use in spring wheat,subjected to various RDI treatments,is similar;minimum at sowing to tiller and tiller to jointing,but maximum at jointing to booting and heading to filling.In comparison with zero water deficit(control) treatment,aboveground biomass and SWUE can be significantly improved under RDI treatment in arid environments.Contrarily,HI significantly decreases in RDI treatments than in the control,except for similar HI in LLM(light water deficit in jointing,booting and heading;middium water deficit from filling to physiological maturity) and MFL(medium water deficit in jointing,no water deficit in booting and heading,and light water deficit from filling to physiological maturity) in 2004.Analysis of the aboveground biomass and SWUE reveals that HFF treatment as optimized RDI for spring wheat throughout the wheat growing season,where wheat is free from water deficit(soil water content maintained at 65%～ 70% field capacity) during booting and heading,and grain filling to physiological maturity;while high water deficit(soil water content maintained at 45%～ 50% field capacity) in jointing with a total irrigation of 440mm(irrigation at 100mm in late autumn before wheat seeding included).更多还原