【摘要】 调查了中国部分环境保护重点城市集中式饮用水源的水质状况,分析23个地下水和77个地表水点位中35种无机元素的含量以及某些常规监测项目.结果表明,未达到饮用水源水质标准的元素有Fe、Mn和Ti,其超标率分别为Fe:21.7%(地下水),24.7%(地表水);Mn 8.70%(地下水),10.4%(地表水);Ti 1.30%(地表水).其余元素均达标,大多数元素的浓度与文献报道的背景水平相当.按水源地统计的常规监测项目,地表水达标率为83.2%,10个监测项目中超标5个,其中粪大肠杆菌、氨氮和石油类污染是主要超标项目,超标率分别为8.39%、4.20%和4.20%.此外地表水源总氮超标严重,超标率为46.1%,这可能与城镇生活污水处理率低及农业面源污染有关.地下水源达标率为80.9%,8个监测项目中超标4个,其中总大肠菌群和pH值的超标率分别为10.3%和5.88%,说明部分地下水也受到了污染.更多还原

【Abstract】 Water quality of 23 groundwater and 77 surface water sites from public drinking water sources of 49 cities of China was studied.Concentrations of Fe(21.7% of ground water and 24.7% surface water),Mn(8.70% of ground water and 10.4% of surface water) and Ti(1.30% of surface water) in some samples exceeded the standard of water quality for drinking water source.Other elements met the quality standard for drinking water source,most of which had the concentrations equivalent to the background levels reported in literatures.The result of routine items for drinking water source showed that 83.2% of surface water sources met the quality standard.5 of 10 monitoring items exceeded the quality standard,among them Escherichia Coli,ammonia-nitrogen and oil exceed the standard most seriously with over-standard rates of 8.39%,4.20% and 4.20%,respectively.In addition,it was found that the pollution of total nitrogen(TN) was very serious in surface water sources with 46.1% of the sources exceeding the TN standard,which would be caused by non-point source pollution of domestic sewage and agriculture.80.9% of ground water sources met the quality standard.4 of 8 monitoring items exceeded the quality standard,among them Fecal Coliform and pH exceeded the standard with over-standard rates of 10.3% and 5.88%,respectively.In general,compared with inorganic elements,routine items of the public drinking water sources of 49 cities exceeded the quality standard more seriously.Domestic and agricultural non-point source pollution would be attached more attention for controlling to ensure safety of the public drinking water.更多还原