【摘要】 [目的]掌握齐河县当前麻疹流行病学特点,了解流行因素,评价麻疹防控措施效果,为制定消除麻疹策略提供依据。[方法]利用疾病的"三间分布"理论和血清流行病学方法,对我县2008年1~6月份麻疹病例进行时间、地区、人群分布的特点分析,对麻疹疫苗免疫史与发病的关系进行探讨,对麻疹疫苗应急免疫、医院感染控制、健康教育宣传活动等防控措施进行效果评价。[结果]我县2008年1~6月,麻疹罹患率32.76/10万。1~3月份病例占82.50%,其中3月份占45.00%。200例麻疹病例分布在全县14个乡镇(含县直)的118个行政村和城区的44个单位,乡镇波及率100.00%;行政村(单位)波及率14.77%(162/1 097)。病例主要分布在流动人口集中的县直城区、晏城镇、潘店镇、祝阿镇4个乡镇级行政区,病例数占67.00%,其中县直城区和晏城镇病例数占49.50%(99/200)。发病人群以9月龄至6岁学龄前儿童(占30.50%)和19岁以上成人(占38.00%)为主。[结论]麻疹疫苗接种不及时和全程接种率低是麻疹发病的主要原因。乡村卫生室、城区门诊部等就诊病人的交叉感染和城区流动人口的难以管理,是导致麻疹疫情广泛散发的主要因素。麻疹疫苗应急免疫接种和加强医院感染控制是控制麻疹流行的关键措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]To find out the current epidemiological characteristics and epidemic factors of measles in Qihe county,evaluate the effect of prevention and control measures,and provide the evidence for the establishment of the strategy to eliminate measles.[Methods]The data on the distribution of time,region and population of measles cases during January 2008 to June in our county was analyzed.The relationship between vaccination and incidence was discussed.The effect of disease prevention and control measures was evaluated,including emergency vaccine immunization,hospital infection control,health education campaign,etc.[Results]The attack rate of measles during January 2008 to June in our county was 32.76/100 000.The cases reported from January to March accounted for 82.50%(165/200),45%(90/200) in March.200 measles cases were distributed within 118 administrative villages and 44 urban units,in which,all of the 14 townships were involved.The prevalence rate within administrative villages was 14.77%(162/1 097).The cases were concentrated in the densely populated township-level districts including the urban area,Yancheng,Pandian and Zhu-e Town,in which the case accounted for 49.50%(99/200).The incidence of cases was concentrated in preschool children with nine months to six years old(30.50%) and adult older than nineteen years(38.00%).[Conclusion]The absence of measles vaccination and the low rate of full immunization were the main causes of the prevalence.The Cross-infection within patients in rural and urban clinics and the difficult management for floating population were the main causes of the sporadic cases.Emergency measles vaccine immunization and strengthened hospital infection control are the key measures to restrict Measles epidemic.更多还原