【摘要】 利用1990和2006年的遥感影像数据,应用Arec View3.3和Fragstate3.3软件,根据斑块密度指数(PD)、聚集度指数(AI)、景观蔓延度指数(CONTAG)、平均景观类型分维(FRAC-MN)、Shannon多样性指数(SHDI)、景观形状指数(LSI)等景观指数对洱海流域土地利用格局进行时空变化分析,研究结果表明:①1990~2006年间洱海流域土地利用整体空间格局变化不大,但各土地利用类型的面积却发生了较明显的变化.②流域景观基质都为林地.林地、耕地和草地面积占流域总面积80%以上,且均呈下降趋势,其中耕地面积减少了41.18 km2,林地面积减少了37.19 km2,草地面积减少了32.76 km2;景观指数变化表明他们的斑块破碎化程度增高,空间异质性增加,抗干扰能力下降,形状复杂化,连通性降低.③住宅用地面积增加最多,从52.80km2上升到151.25 km2,面积增加了2.9倍,并且其镶嵌分布于水田中间.更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the remote sensing shadow data of two-period(in 1990,2006) land usage types,with the help of the software ArecView3.3 and Fragstate3.3,the space-time changes of Er’hai Watershed were analysed based on landscape indices such as patch density(PD),aggregation index(AI),contagion index(CONTAG),mean fractal dimension(FRAC-MN),Shannon landscape diversity index and landscape shape index(LSI).The thesis concluded the following change characteristics:① The space changes of the land use pattern of Er’hai Watershed were indistinctive on the whole,but the area changes of each type of land use were distinct.② The matrix of landscape was woodland;The woodland,plow land and meadow,which covered above 80% of the total area of the watershed,were declining.The areas of plow land,woodland and meadow reduced 41.18 km2,37.19 km2 and 32.76 km2 respectively;The changes of landscape indices indicated that patch fragmentation was becoming serious,spatial heterogeneity was being enhanced,the ability of resisted molestation was dropped,Shape became complicated,and the connectivity was reduced.③ The areas of residential land were increased the most,which increased from 52.80 km2 to 151.25 km2.It was enhanced about 2.9 times.And the residential land located in patch in the middle of paddy field.更多还原