【摘要】 未来低成本天地往返运输系统的气动外形设计的总体要求是升阻比高、机动性强、稳定性好、过载低、空间大、可重复使用等。结合国内技术水平和国外经验教训,提出了我国未来新型升力再入飞船返回舱的总体气动需求,采用平面斜切二次曲线构造截面的模线设计方法,设计了四种满足长度、截面尺寸和容积等总体需求的返回舱布局方案。利用基于牛顿理论的气动力工程方法对气动特性进行预测,利用气动力与六自由度弹道的耦合计算研究返回舱无控再入飞行特性。研究表明,所设计的返回舱外形高超声速稳定配平升阻比大于0.9,阻力系数大于0.5,法向过载低于2.5,具有较好的静动稳定性,具备可部分重复使用的潜力。更多还原

【Abstract】 The overall requirements for the future low cost earth to orbit transportation vehicle includes high lift-to-drag ratio,high maneuverability,good stability,low overload,big inner volume and reusable.Combining the advantages of capsule and Space Shuttle,Russian Clipper alike manned reentry capsule can be partly reusable and may become one of the best choices for the future manned transporter at present.The overall aerodynamics requirements of our future lift manned reentry capsule are proposed,and four configurations satisfied length,section size,volume and other needs are designed using Spline-Lofting design method with conic cross sections.Aerodynamics characteristics are calculated using an engineering method based on Embedded Newtonian Flow Theory,and the trimming performances are analyzed.The primary hypersonic trimming lift-to-drag ratios are bigger than 0.9,which is higher than Clipper.Attention should be paid that lift-to-drag ratio is not the only most important design rule,the trimming drag,especially the ballistic coefficient should be also considered because the deceleration is vital for manned reentry capsule,and decoration ability is one of the decisive factors for the reusability.The non-control gliding trajectory are simulated,and the results show that the vehicles fly in a quasi periodic floating under the action of aerodynamic lift,the flight distances are nearly as long as 6000 Km,the gliding times are more than 1500 seconds,and the lift overloads are lower than 2.5g.Further investigation should focus on the flight control devices design,control efficiency,control law design,heat environment and protection system.更多还原