【摘要】 传统理论认为在"小国情形"中,小国获得了全部的贸易得益;因此进一步认为小国应该实施零关税和自由贸易政策。基于李嘉图模型对小国和"小国情形"进行的再分析,可得出同传统观点不同的结论:首先,小国仅仅是"小国情形"的必要条件,而"小国情形"的均衡则不可能存在。其次,在小国存在的情况下,会观测到贸易条件和相应生产模式的多重均衡。只要小国和贸易伙伴通过设定互利的谈判规则,就可以通过双方的贸易协商来找到唯一的贸易条件均衡解,以提高双方的福利水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 A small country will gain the total trade benefits in "Small Country Case"(SCC)according to the traditional theory.It follows that the optimal tariff rate of a small country should be zero and its optimal trade policy should be free-trade.This paper reanalyzes SCC in the Ricardian model and reaches a conclusion different from the traditional argument in the following respects:first,a small country is the necessary condition only for SCC whereas the equilibrium of SCC is unlikely to exist;secondly,multiple equilibriums with terms of trade and corresponding models of production will be observed in situations where small countries are involved;thirdly,as long as a small country can establish mutually beneficial rules for negotiation with its trade partners,it can find the only solution to equilibrium with terms of trade through bilateral trade negotiations so that the well-being of both countries can be enhanced.更多还原