【摘要】 [目的]探讨核电站场外应急计划区儿童在核电站正常运行期服用碘盐[USI]控制甲状腺肿大率,在核事故时服用碘化钾作为一项应急措施。[方法]从1997～2005年有计划地对选定的深圳大鹏应急计划区7～14岁儿童跟踪调查甲状腺肿大率,并观察推行食盐碘化后防护效果,通过文献综合探讨了一旦发生核事故时稳定碘的服用问题。[结果]实施普通食盐碘化(USI)7年前后儿童监测结果比较:7～14岁儿童甲状腺触诊肿大率下降了4.1%,B超检查下降了13.8%,尿碘中位数为178.39μg/L,提高8.4%,低于100μg/L的例数下降了6.22%,高于300μg/L的例数提高了2.53%。[结论]正常时期控制应急计划区儿童的甲状腺肿大率,当核电站发生事故时,提前预警在放射性碘影响前或暴露后2～3h服用碘化钾有较好的防护效果。但增加人体碘的摄入量可能带来健康的危害,其禁忌症和副作用及处理不容忽视。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the application of stable iodine for controlling the rate of goiter in children by iodized salt during the normal running period of the nuclear power station in the emergency planning zone of the off-site nuclear power station,and apply the potassium iodide to be a contingency measure in nuclear accident.MethodsChildren at the age of 7-14 years in Dapeng emergency planning zone of Shenzhen were planned followed up the rate of goiter from 1997 to 2005,and observed the effect of protection after pushing the universal iodized salt(USI). Furthermore,the problems of applying stable iodine in nuclear accident were explored by literatures.ResultsThe results of monitoring after pushing USI in children were compared with that before pushing USI in children 7 years ago. Among children at the age of 7-14,the rate of goiter by palpation decreased 4.1%,and the rate of goiter by B ultrasound tests fell down 13.8%;median of urinary iodine was 178.39μg/L,and increased 8.4%,moreover,the proportion of cases whose median of urinary iodine was lower than 100μg/L declined 6.22%,while the proportion of cases whose median of urinary iodine was higher than 300μg/L increased 2.53%.ConclusionAs precaution,Early warning in advance before being influenced by irradiated iodine or being after exposed for 2-3 hours will achieve better effect of protection when accident happens in the nuclear power station. However,increasing the intake of iodine could be harm for the health of people,and whose contraindication and adverse reaction should not be neglected.更多还原