【摘要】 目的调查分析更年期妇女生理心理健康状况对更年期有关知识的认知情况及其影响因素。方法采用随机整群抽样法,在西安市6个区抽取2500名年龄在40-60岁的妇女为调查对象。结果①获取有效调查问卷2023份,年龄(47.38±5.429)岁,初潮年龄为(14.31±1.74)岁(9-19岁),自然绝经年龄为(48.9±3.54)岁;②约半数受调查者为子女的教育、工作、婚姻、经济困难、住房紧张而担忧,并且对更年期存在认知不足;③更年期症状发生率为54.9%,不同年龄组、不同职业组更年期症状发生率均有显著性差异,分别为:χ2=226.14,P<0.005和χ2=39.043,P<0.005。更年期症状与年龄增长呈正相关(r=0.333,P<0.01),与受教育程度高、收入高及参加社会活动多呈负相关(r=-0.096,P<0.001;r=-0.088,P<0.001;r=-0.069,P<0.01);④调查对象中患骨关节疾病者1 025例(50.7%),其中颈椎疾患667例,占首位,发生骨折的人数占9.6%,更年期症状与骨折发生及骨关节疾患具有显著的相关性(r=0.067,P<0.01;r=0.249,P<0.01)。结论更年期症状的发生与年龄呈正相关,与收入、文化程度及妇女参加社会活动多、接受培训多呈负相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the climacteric women’s mental health status and its influencing factors,and cognition of relevant knowledge about climacteric period.Methods A stratified-cluster sampling method was used to survey with questionnaire 2 500 perimenopausal women aged 40-60 years in 6 districts of Xi’an City.Results ① Of a total of 2 023 individuals,the mean age was 47.38±5.429 years,the average menarche age was 14.31±1.74 years(9-19 years),and the average natural menopause age was 48.9±3.54 years.② Half of the women investigated were worried about their children’s education,work,marriage,ecomomic status and housing,and more than half of the women investigated had insufficient knowledge about climacteric period.③ The incidence of climacteric syndromes was 54.9%.There were significant differences between different age group and occupation group(χ2=226.14,P<0.005 and χ2=39.043,P<0.005).The climacteric syndromes had a positive correlation with age(r=0.333,P<0.01) and a negative correlation with education,income and the frequency of taking part in social activities(r=-0.096,P<0.001;r=-0.088,P<0.001;r=-0.069,P<0.01).④ Among the women more than half suffered from bone and joint diseases,most of which were cervical vertebral diseases.The incidence of fracture was 9.6%.The climacteric symdromes had a significant correlation with fracture and bone and joint diseases(r=0.067,P<0.01,r=0.249,P<0.01).Conclusion The incidence of climacteric syndromes has a positive correlation with age,and has a negative correlation with income,education,and frequency of taking park in social activities and trainning.更多还原