【摘要】 以沉积盆地动力学与盆地成藏(矿)系统为主线,梳理和归纳了笔者在此方面理论研究的部分认识和观点。在地球科学研究和应用的3大领域(科学研究、物质需求、生存环境)中,沉积盆地均处于极为重要的地位。其中展布面积大、发育时间长的大中型盆地(如含油气盆地)意义更为重要。沉积盆地是地史上地壳或岩石圈较长时间相对沉降、沉积物在其中不断充填过程中的一种负向地壳构造。将沉积盆地动力学定义为:直接控制和明显影响盆地沉降和沉积充填的地球内、外动力地质作用有机耦合的统一动力学系统和演化过程;属地球动力学大系统的重要组成部分。根据盆地沉降动力的不同,将盆地成因划分为热力、应力、重力和复合成因4种类型。从厘定和揭示盆地沉降、沉积和堆积中心的分布位置、演变规律及其相互关系入手,剔去非沉降作用产生的沉积效应,有可能揭示沉降作用特征和其与沉积、堆积中心的时空演变关联及原因。活动性强、深部作用活跃、后期改造强烈是中国沉积盆地的重要特点,这由中国大陆的特性所决定。根据后期改造的主要地质作用及改造形式的不同,将改造盆地划分为8种类型。剔去后期改造的影响,系统恢复原始盆地面貌,为深刻认识和揭示盆地演化改造过程和油气成藏、定位及分布的重要基础。根据改造盆地的地质实际和笔者的研究实践,探讨和提出了改造盆地研究和油气评价的思路及程式;从绝对时间和相对时限两方面,具体厘定了中国盆地油气晚期超晚期成藏定位的时限。探讨了深部作用对油气富集的影响、油气逸散及其地质效应等问题。含油气盆地动力学研究系统可划分为成盆、成藏和评价3大次系统。在盆地演化和改造过程中,各次系统及子系统之间联系密切、相互作用。倡导沉积盆地研究遵循"整体、动态、综合"的总则。世界已探明的砂岩型铀矿床逾82%与已生产的油气田或煤田同盆共存。这4种主要能源矿产同盆共存富集存在普遍,但其富集成矿区分布却有明显的分区性,其中尤以中东亚地区典型。在中东亚能源矿产成矿域诸盆地中,多种能源矿产赋存和分布的特点为:空间分布复杂有序、各含(储)矿层位及地区联系密切、成藏(矿)定位时期相同或相近、赋存环境和成藏(矿)作用有机相关;铀成矿过程和主成矿期与区域动力学环境演变有明显地响应关系,并与所在盆地油气的成藏定位时期基本一致;表明其间有着密切的内在联系和统一的地球动力学背景。沉积盆地集多种有机和无机、金属与非金属矿产以及水资源等共存于一盆,是诸多沉积矿产同盆成生、赋存的基本单元和成藏(矿)的巨型复杂系统,称之为沉积盆地成藏(矿)系统。该系统中各种沉积矿产的成藏(矿)不是孤立存在和单独出现;其形成和分布有机关联、相互作用、彼此影响,内在联系形式多样;有其自身的成矿特点和成藏(矿)环境,应将其作为一种独立的成矿系统与其他成矿系统相并列和区别。本文讨论了小型含油气盆地的类型和其油气赋存条件、成熟盆地再研究的必要性和指导思想,适于中国西部大陆动力学研究的(稳定陆)块、盆(地)、带(各类构造活动带)系统动力学等。地球和盆地均属非常复杂的巨系统,运用整体和系统的学术思想,研究地学等复杂性科学是一个有效途径。在复杂系统研究中,各子系统的相互作用最为重要,同时要重视研究思想和方法论的嬗变,揭示研究对象的个性特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 With introduction and discussion of the dynamics of sedimentary basins and basin reservoir(ore) forming systems to be a main line,this paper generalizes and summarizes author’s thoughts and viewpoints in this area. Sedimentary basins are significant in three aspects(scientific research,material needs and living environment) of earth science research and application,especially those large and medium-sized basins having a large distribution area and long development history(e.g.,oil-gas basins). A sedimentary basin is a negative tectonic unit formed in a depression of crust or lithosphere,in which sediments continuously infill in geologic history.The author defines dynamics of sedimentary basin as: A coupling dynamic system and evolution process of earth internal and external dynamics directly controlling and obviously impacting on basin subsidence and sediments infilling,and it is an important component of geodynamic systems.According to different driven force of basin depression,the origin of basin can be divided into thermal,stress,gravity and composite four types.From redefinition and revealing distribution position,evolution and relationships of basin subsidence centre,depocenter and accumulation centre,ruling out the sedimentary effects generated by non-subsidence processes,it is possible to characterize the role of subsidence and its temporal-spatial correlation and reasons with deposit and accumulation centers. The Chinese sedimentary basins are characterized by their strong tectonic activities,deep processes and intensive late reforming.All these are attributed to tectonic features of China continent.Based on the main geological processes of reforming and reforming fashions,the reformed basins can be divided into eight types.Eliminating impacts of late reforming and recovering original basin can build up a firm basis for recognition of basin evolution-reforming processes and oil-gas reservoir forming,positioning and distribution. According to the geological facts of reformed basin and the research practice of the author,ideas and regulations of study on reformed basin and oil-gas evaluation are explored and proposed;The time limit of oil-gas late-extra late reservoir forming-positioning in Chinese basins is redefined in terms of Absolute time and relative time.And also,the influences of deep processes on oil-gas accumulation,oil-gas escape and geologic effects are discussed. The research for dynamics of petroliferous basins can be divided into three major systems of basin forming,reservoir forming and assessment.In the study of basin evolution and reforming,a close correlation and interaction exist between the major systems and the sub-systems.The "whole,dynamic,integrated" principle for research of the basins is promoted to follow.More than 82 percent of proven sandstone-type uranium deposits on the earth coexist with oil-gas or coal fields in the same basins.Association and enrichment of the four main energy minerals within the same basin is common.But,the distribution of enrichment for different minerals is localized especially this is typical in central-east Asia.The characteristics of occurrence of multi-energy mineral deposits in all basins of mineralization domain in central-east Asia show a complex but orderly spatial distribution,close correlation of each(reservoir) ore-bearing stratum and region background,the same or similar timing of reservoir(ore) forming-positioning,related occurrence setting and reservoir(ore) forming.Also,the uranium main mineralization processes and mineralization period is in response to the regional dynamic changes,and basically consistent with the reservoir forming-positioning period of oil-gas in basins,indicating a close inherent relationships and unified geodynamic setting between them. The single sedimentary basin having multi-organic and inorganic,metallic and non-metallic minerals and water resources inside represents a basic unit and a giant complex system for multi-mineral accumulation and reservoir(ore) forming in the same basin.The system is called the reservoir(ore) forming system of sedimentary basin.In the system,the occurrence of various sedimentary minerals is not isolated.Their formation and distribution are closely related,interacting,mutually affecting,and intrinsic relationship exhibits in different forms.This system possesses its own characteristics of ore forming and reservoir(ore) forming setting.Thus,it should be treated as an independent mineralization system differing from and paralleling to other ore-forming systems. This paper discusses types of small-sized petroliferous basins and the conditions of oil-gas accumulation,the necessity and guidance for further study of mature basins.It is suitable for the system dynamics study of(stable continental) block-basin-belt(all types of tectonically active belts) in west China. The earth and basin all belong to the complex giant systems of different classes.It is an effective approach to use integrated and systematic academic thoughts to study complex science such as geosciences.In study of complex systems,the interaction of various sub-systems is the most important.In the mean while,the attention has to be drawn to the evolution of ideology and methodology,and to effort to disclose the individual characteristics of research objects.更多还原