【摘要】 目前使用的农药中有25%是手性的,手性农药的生物活性存在对映体差异性,其活性往往只存在于一个或少数几个对映体中,而手性农药的对映体在环境中的消解和归趋往往也有明显的不同,即一个手性化合物的不同对映体具有不同的毒性。只有在对映体水平上研究手性农药的环境行为,考察手性农药的归趋和生态效应,才能更准确的评估其生态风险性以及对人类健康的影响,对手性农药的合理使用也有较好的指导作用。文章综述了近年来国际上有机氯、芳氧基羧酸和酰胺、有机磷和菊酯等手性农药对映体选择性环境行为的研究进展。提出今后的研究方向是拓展手性农药的研究种类、研究深度和广度,对映体选择性的毒理学研究,手性稳定性和手性转化,选择性的机制与相关微生物和酶学研究等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Currently about 25% of used pesticides are chiral. Enantiomers of chiral pesticides have different bioactivity which may exist in some of the enantiomers. Enantiomers are selectively degraded and interacted in the environmental media. Different enanti-omers of chiral pesticides have different toxicity. Only when we study the environmental behavior of chiral pesticides on enanti-omeric level, research the degradation and ecological effect of chiral pesticides could we accurately evaluated their environmental risk and the effect on the human health. Futhermore, it is useful to study the reasonable application of enantiopure pesticides. This review focuses on the recent development of enantioselective environmental behavior research of chiral pesticides, including or-ganochlorine insecticides, phenoxyalkanoic acid, acetamide pesticides, organophosphorus, pyrethroid insecticides and so on. The research directions which are the extension of pesticide species, research depth and scope, enantioselective toxicology, chiral stability and inversion between enantiomers, enantioselectivity mechanism between microorganism and enzyme have been put forwards.更多还原