【摘要】 在阐述TOPMODEL基本原理的基础上,针对现行TOPMODEL地形指数计算方法、产流机制、汇流方式3个方面进行了改进,并将改进后的模型在小尺度湿润的子午河流域和中尺度半干旱的马莲河流域进行了模拟测试。在模拟过程中,定量分析了模型模拟的各个水文过程变量,探讨和揭示了该模型在不同尺度和不同气候条件流域上的适用能力。研究结果表明,改进后的TOPMODEL能够准确地表达实际流域关键地形参数的空间分布特征,客观地描述流域水文过程的内在机理。该模型在小尺度湿润流域测试效果较好,在中尺度半干旱流域虽然精度相对较低,但仍然能够模拟和解译大部分的水文机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 On the basis of introduction to the basic theory of TOPMODEL and in view of topographic index algorithm,runoff generation mechanism,and flow confluence method utilized in the current TOPMODEL,we present an improved TOPMODEL for overcoming several problems met in watershed hydrologic modeling as current TOPMODEL is used.For investigating and examining the applicability of the model in different watershed scales and different climatic conditions,the improved TOPMODEL is applied and examined for two different typical watersheds,namely the small-scale Ziwu River watershed in humid area and the medium-scale Malian River watershed in semi-arid area,with the research focus mainly on quantitative analyses of the hydrological processes.The study indicates that the improved TOPMODEL can accurately express the spatial distribution characteristics of the important topographic parameters of real watershed and objectively describe the inner mechanism of watershed hydrological processes.The improved TOPMODEL gives rise to better testing results in small-scale humid watershed.Though a relatively lower accuracy of simulation is obtained in medium-sized semi-arid watershed,the improved TOPMODEL can still simulate and interpret the most mechanisms of hydrological processes of the watershed.更多还原