【摘要】 由于尚未建立起整体理论体系,癌之谜依然没有破解.为此,从系统和个体发育角度审视了"癌基因"等主要癌学概念,认为:1)在30多年前首先发现和定性的"(原)癌基因",后来逐渐发现它们在正常细胞中都具有广谱的生长调节功能,而与癌变并无必然关系.在癌变细胞中相关因子基因表现出的单核甘酸多态性或过度表达,均具有偶然性质."人类正常细胞普遍存在癌基因"的概念是一种误解;2)由于母体对愈伤干细胞增殖的失控才产生了原位癌,两者之间存在着相互依存关系并非只是拮抗,不宜将母体视为原位癌的"宿主".更重要的是,在"控制癌细胞转移"上,两者还有着"共同本能".赞同癌症不是单纯的基因病而是可控的综合慢性病的理念;3)从进化上看,癌细胞运行糖酵解途径并不单纯是产能方式的转换,而是癌代谢返祖趋势的反映.返祖性导致多样化的癌症具有趋同的代谢型,有利于建立共同的癌代谢机理模式,和开发简单且对各类癌症普适的抗癌药物.更多还原

【Abstract】 In the field of oncology,a synthesis of the achievements from all of the molecular,metabolic,cellular and histological levels into an integrated theoretical system has not yet been done,and the mystery of cancers still remains unsolved. We have re-examined the concept of oncogene and two other carcinological concepts in terms of phytogeny and ontogeny,and believe that 1) the(proto-)oncogenes defined at their first discovery more than 30 years ago have turned out to be normal genes,and play wide spectrum roles in the regulation of growth and development,and actually have nothing to do with oncogenesis. The single nucleotide polymorphism and over expression of the related genes exhibited in cancer cells are all accidental events,and the concept that oncogenes do exist in normal cells of human bodies is just a misunderstanding;2) the body of a patient suffering cancers should not be superficially recognized as the "host" of the latter. Rather,it is the "maternal body" that produces the carcinomas while losing the control of the proliferation of wound-healing stem cells. Basically speaking,they are interdependent in nature,rather than solely antagonistic. Moreover,they share the same instinct of preventing malignant cancer cells from their transferring. We agree the principle of treating cancers as controllable comprehensive and chronic diseases,rather than a simple disease of "oncogene " ;3) from the evolutionary point of view,the glycolysis prevailing in cancer cells should not be merely considered as a transformation of the mode of energy production. Rather,it is the reflection of the atavistic tendency of metabolism in cancer cells. Such atavism leading to metabolic identity of different type of cancers makes it easier to understand the common mechanism of the metabolism of carcinoma,and to develop simple yet effective anticancerous drugs for the wide spectrum treatment of patients suffering from various types of cancers.更多还原