【摘要】 为解决农牧交错带长期免耕下作物减产的问题,本研究通过定位试验,对覆盖和不覆盖条件下少免耕与翻耕莜麦的生长发育状况进行对比分析。结果表明:1)在无覆盖的条件下,免耕处理出苗率指数大于翻耕处理,且2006年深松处理出苗率指数(0.0840)与翻耕处理(0.0705)差异达显著水平;2)免耕与深松无覆盖处理根冠比大于翻耕处理;3)免耕无覆盖处理生物量及产量均显著小于翻耕处理;深松无覆盖处理根系生物量显著大于翻耕处理,但地上部生物量与产量小于翻耕处理,且产量差异显著,2005、2006年分别降低了15.8%和10.0%;免耕与深松无覆盖处理千粒重均大于翻耕处理,但差异不显著,2005年分别为19.7、18.9和17.6 g;4)免耕覆盖处理生长明显改善,但生物量及最终产量仍显著低于翻耕处理,2006年产量与翻耕处理相比降幅达19.7%,免耕覆盖处理对于莜麦产量的影响大于免耕耕作措施本身对莜麦产量的影响;深松覆盖处理生长状况及产量与翻耕处理间均无显著差异。覆盖下的深松(行距50 cm,深度40 cm,隔年进行)是适合农牧交错带的少免耕模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Crop yield usually decreases under conversation tillage(CT) in the region of agro-pasture eco-tone.To investigate the reduction reasons,we set up fixed experiments of conservative and conventional tillage either with without mulching and studied the dynamic of oat(Avena sativa L.) growth and development,including emergence rate index(ERI),biomass,number of heads/m~2,(1 000) g-rain weight and yield.The results showed that the ERI under minimum tillage(0.0840) were significantly higher than CT((0.070 5)) in 2006 but no significant difference in 2005.ERI under zero-tillage(ZT) was similar as that of CT in two years.Root/shoot ratios of MT and ZT were higher than those of CT.Biomass and yield of oat under ZT was significantly lower than CT.There was no significant difference in biomass between MT and CT.The oat yield under MT was 15.8% and 10.0% as low as that of CT in 2005 and 2006,respectively.The weight of(1 000) g-rains was similar in all the treatments in the two years,(19.7?g) and(18.9?g) and(17.6?g) of ZT,MT and CT respectively. However,oat growth under straw mulching was obviously improved.There was no statistical difference on biomass and yield of oat between MT with mulching and CT,but significantly lower in ZT with mulching than CT.The oat yield of ZT with mulching was 19.7% as low as that of CT.So MT with mulching was proper measure of conservation tilliage.更多还原