【摘要】 牛至油是一种植物挥发性油,由于其来源的天然性和广谱的抗菌作用,已被广泛地用于畜禽生产中。然而牛至油的这种广谱抑菌作用是否会在畜禽废弃物处理中起到一定的作用,有关这方面的研究国内外均未见相关报道。本研究采用室内培养方法,将收集的新鲜猪粪、尿和去离子水按10∶7∶3的比例(质量比)进行混合摇匀配成猪排泄物样本,评估牛至油这种绿色添加剂对猪粪尿中主要恶臭物(挥发性脂肪酸)和厌氧菌的影响。结果表明,牛至油能降低猪粪尿混合物的pH值,28d后,没有添加牛至油的对照组的pH值为6.50而0.06%(V/V)和0.12%(V/V)牛至油组的pH值则分别为5.81和5.60。此外,牛至油的添加减少了猪粪尿中粪大肠杆菌和总厌氧菌的数量,并对挥发性脂肪酸的产生具有抑制作用,且表现出剂量依赖性。0.12%的牛至油28d内能完全抑制新的短链挥发性脂肪酸的产生,在此剂量下,1d内粪大肠杆菌从6.7×105CFU·mL-1降低至不可检测;2d后总厌氧菌数量从4.32×1010CFU·mL-1减至1.3×107CFU·mL-1,21d后仍然保持该抑制水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Odors from swine waste slurry are a complex mixture of volatile compounds arising from microbial anaerobic degradation of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. It is assumed that inhibiting microbial activities in swine waste slurry is likely conductive to controlling odor and reducingthe potential for transmission of pathogens. Oregano essential oil( OEO) as naturally occurring metabolites of plants are bactericidal tomanypathogenic microorganisms in pure culture system. However, noinformation is available on the effect of the oil on natural highly diverse microbial ecosystems such as waste management systems. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of OEO on volatile fatty acids( VFA) and anaerobic bacteria in swine waste slurries. After collection, swine waste slurry( faeces: urine: deionized water, 10∶7∶3, weight basis) were blended and the slurry were amended with 0%( V/V) OEO, 0.12%( V/V) α- pinene, 0.06%( V/V) OEO, 0.12%( V/V) OEO respec- tively. The results of this study indicated OEO reduced slurry pH. The pH of the control was 6.20. The lowrates of OEO dropped the pH to 5.81, whereas the high rates dropped it to5.60. In addition, OEOeffectivelyinhibited the production ofVFA, and reduced the number offecal coliforms and total anaerobic bacteria. OEO at 0.12% completely inhibited the production of VFA in flasks over 28 days; fecal coliforms were reduced from 6.7×105 cells per mL to nondetectable within 1 day; total anaerobic bacteria were reduced from 4.32×1010 to 1.3×107 cells per mL after 2 days and continued to be suppressed to that level after 21 days. It is concluded that the plant-derived OEO could be used as alternative methods to solve some of the environmental problems associated with consolidated hog feeding operations.更多还原