【摘要】 重金属污染物在水体中十分稳定,并且具有相当高的难去除性,会对人类的生命和健康造成直接或间接的危害。本文根据近年来国内外的研究成果较为系统地梳理了生物吸附剂的分类、吸附机理、吸附模型和影响吸附的主要因素等4个方面,并对其研究和应用前景作了有益讨论。结果表明,生物吸附剂已成为水体重金属污染研究和应用的热点和重点,具有十分广阔的前景,对于我国治理水生生态环境问题和改善水生生态环境质量将起到较为深远的影响和作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Heavy metals accumulated in aquatic ecosystem threatened human’s health directly or indirectly.Based on the bibliometric analysis results, biosorbent became the hotspot and keystone of research and application on the treatment of heavy metals polluted wastewater.According to research achievements, this paper systemically introduced classification of biosorbent, mechanisms of it’s absorb for heavy metals, models of analysis biosorbent capacity, and factors influenced biosorption process:1st It was defined that biosorbent referred to some organisms and their artificial prepared derivatives adsorbing heavy metals or/and organic pollutants in the wastewater, which was classified as microorganism and giant algae;2nd There were three typical mechanisms, including extracellular biosorption mechanism, cell-surface biosorption mechanism, and intracellular biosorption mechanism;3rd Kinetic models enabled to provide key parameter bases for the design of wastewater treatment while chemical actions of biosorption were analyzed by equilibrium isotherm models;4th Furthermore, factors as pH, temperature, coexisting heavy metal ions, initial concentration of heavy metal ions and biosorbent dosage, and cell age had powerful influence on biosorption process.Finally, some rational research directions on future were discussed for guiding the further study in this field.更多还原