【摘要】 为给中国小麦种质资源引进、利用和品质改良提供信息,以国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)土耳其育种站提供的192份普通冬小麦新品系为材料,采用单籽粒谷物特性测试仪、特异引物PCR扩增和改进的SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳方法对其SKCS硬度及Puroindoline基因型进行了鉴定和分析。结果表明,CIM-MYT普通冬小麦以硬质类型为主,但SKCS硬度值普遍偏低,平均值仅为60.7。所调查的192份材料中,硬质麦119份,占62.0%;软质麦49份,占25.5%;混合麦24份,占12.5%。硬质小麦共有4种基因型,分别为PinA蛋白缺失类型(Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a)90份、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b类型27份、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d类型2份和Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1d类型1份,以PinA蛋白缺失类型为主,占总数的75.6%。Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1d为Pina和Pinb基因的双突变类型。CIMMYT普通冬小麦籽粒硬度及其Puroindoline基因变异类型和分布的信息能够为中国冬小麦品质改良提供理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Grain hardness is one of the most important wheat quality characters as it determines the end use and marketing classification of bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).In total,192 wheat cultivars and advanced lines from CIMMYT winter wheat breeding program located in Turkey were examined with Single Kernel Characterization System(SKCS),specific primer PCR amplification and modified SDS-PAGE of Triton X-114 extracted protein to investigate the distribution of grain hardness and its puroindoline alleles.The results indicated that hard wheats were the most popular phenotype in CIMMYT common winter wheat.The percentages of hard wheat,soft wheat,and mixed wheat were 62.0%,25.5%,12.5%,respectively.The average of SKCS hardness index for CIMMYT hard winter wheat with 60.7 was lower than that for Chinese and CIMMYT hard spring wheat.Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a,Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b,Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d and Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1d with detected numbers of 90,27,2,1 were present in hard types,respectively,and the percentages of Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a with 75.6% were the highest in CIMMYT hard winter wheat.In addition, a new doubled mutation of Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1d was found in hard wheat.The study on grain hardness and the distribution of puroindoline genotypes provided useful breeding materials and information for improving Chinese winter wheat quality.更多还原