【摘要】 半滑舌鳎是分布在我国黄、渤海的特有鱼类,雌鱼明显具有较雄鱼生长快的特点,利用雌核发育方法诱导产生半滑舌鳎超雌鱼,通过与正常雄鱼交配,最终可培育生长速度快、个体大的全雌性后代,对于提高养殖效益具有重要的意义。为此利用冷冻保存的异源鲈鱼精子诱导半滑舌鳎卵产生雌核发育二倍体、单倍体、杂交胚胎,利用同源精子受精产生普通二倍体,在Olympus显微镜下对它们的胚胎发育进行了观察比较。冷冻解冻的鲈鱼精子,在1000μj/cm2紫外线下照射0·2~1min,诱导半滑舌鳎卵受精,在受精后2~5min将卵置于2~5℃的水浴冷休克20min,获得了雌核发育的胚胎和鱼苗,在21·7~23·6℃水温中,雌核发育胚胎经过2781min孵化出膜。普通胚胎在21·7~23·6℃水温下,经2621min孵化出膜。经紫外线灭活处理的鲈鱼精子诱导半滑舌鳎卵,但不经过冷休克获得的单倍体胚胎,具有明显的单倍体综合症,发育至1949min陆续死亡。鲈鱼精子与半滑舌鳎卵杂交受精,胚胎不能正常发育,相当于胚孔封闭期后全部死亡。实验证明,鲈鱼冷冻精子可刺激半滑舌鳎卵雌核发育。更多还原

【Abstract】 Effective methods for induction of diploid gynogenesis in tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis are needed for monosex culture, which will allow growers to benefit from the more rapid growth and larger size in females. To test methods for inducing diploid gynogenesis in tongue sole, heterologous sperm were used to induce haploid, hybrid and gynogenetic diploid; and homologous frozen sperm were used to induce diploid. Diploid gynogenesis was induced by activating egg development with sea perch sperm, which were irradiated by 1 000 μj/cm2 UV for 0.2~1 min in seawater. 2~5 min after fertilization, the eggs were subjected to a cold shock in 2~5 ℃ seawater for 20 min. Observation and comparison was done for these embryos under an Olympus microscope. Gynogenesis diploid embryos were kept in 21.7~23.6 ℃ seawater and hatched 2 781 min after fertilization. Normal diploid embryos derived from tongue sole eggs fertilized with homologue sperm were hatched 2 621 min after fertilization, at a temperature of 21.7~23.6 ℃. Abnormal haploid embryos derived from tongue sole eggs fertilized with UV-irradiated sea perch sperm without further cold shock, died of haploid syndrome (i.e., morphological deformities) 1 949 min after fertilization. Hybrid embryos derived from tongue sole eggs fertilized with sea perch sperm died after the developmental stage of blastopore closure. The study confirmed that induction of gynogenesis in tongue sole could be obtained by using UV-irradiated frozen sperm of sea perch.更多还原