【摘要】 微流控学(microfluidics)是在微米级结构中操控纳升至皮升体积流体的技术与科学,是近10年来迅速崛起的新交叉学科。流体在微流控芯片微米级通道中,由于尺度效应导致了许多不同于宏观体系的特点,例如分子间扩散距离短、微通道的比表面积大、传热和传质速度快等,促进了微流控芯片在有机合成反应中的发展。本文总结了微通道反应器的特点、微通道反应器中常用的流体驱动技术和微通道中流体的混合技术。通过一系列在微流控芯片中进行的有机合成反应,包括液-液均相反应、催化反应、相转移反应和异常激烈的有机合成反应等,进一步说明了微通道反应器同时具有微量和连续流动的优点。微通道反应器的发展不但在合成路线的优化方面有重要意义,而且有助于相关化学工业过程的改进。更多还原

【Abstract】 Microfluidics is the technology that processes or manipulates small(10^-9 to 10^-18 litres) amounts of fluids using channels with dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometres.Microfluidic reactors have a number of advantages over conventional chemical laboratory batch methodologies, such as short molecular diffusion distance,large specific surface area,high mass and heat transfer capacity,which will be expected to promote highly effective chemical reactions in the microfluidic reactors.The main features of microfluidic reactors,the method to drive liquid through the microchannels and the method for mixing liquids in microchannels are summarized in this review.Subsequently,the effects of downscaling reaction vessels as well as the advantages of the continuous flow microfluidic approach are illustrated by a number of examples of organic reactions carried out in microfluidic devices,including liquid-liquid miscible fluid reaction,catalytic reaction,phase transfer reaction and strongly exothermic or endothermic organic synthesis.The development of microfluidic reactors is not only of great significance for optimizing many synthetic procedures,but also helpful for improving related chemical industry processes.更多还原