【摘要】 目的了解某蓄电池生产地区(A、B、C、D四个村)6～12岁儿童铅暴露状况。方法于2007年10至11月在某蓄电池生产地区(A、B、C、D村)采用分层随机抽样的方法,并采用自制问卷调查当地309名6～12岁儿童,并采集静脉血、头发、指甲样品,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测血铅、发铅、甲铅含量。结果被调查儿童血铅几何均值为71.2μg/L, 54名儿童血铅≥100μg/L(铅超标率为17.5%)。男女儿童血铅几何均值分别为75.0μg/L、67.5μg/L。A村6～10岁儿童血铅水平高于11～12岁儿童,B村男童血铅水平、铅超标率高于女童。A村(与D村比较)、6～10岁(与11～12岁比较)、男孩(与女孩比较)为儿童血铅超标危险因素,OR值分别为9.110、2.484、2.102。发铅、甲铅含量与血铅浓度均为正相关,男童发铅水平高于女童。结论A村儿童铅暴露最严重;发铅受性别影响;发铅、甲铅可作为铅中毒辅助诊断指标,对铅暴露有提示作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the environmental lead exposure in children aged 6-12 years in an area where there may be a potential lead pollution caused by storage battery production.Methods A sample survey with a questionnaire based on stratified probability samples of 309 children aged 6-12 years was carried out in four villages(A,B,C,D).Atom-absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine the lead levels of blood,hair and nail samples from children.Results The geometric mean blood lead levels(BLLs)was 71.2μg/L.BLLs≥100μg/L in 54 children(17.5%).The geometric mean BLLs of boys and girls were 75.0μg/L and 67.5μg/L,respectively.At village A,BLLs of children aged 6-10 years were higher than those of children aged 11-12.At village B,compared with girls,BLLs and rate of BLLs≥100μg/L in boys were higher.Children at village A (compared with D),aged 6-10 years(compared with 11-12 years),boys(compared with girls)were at the risk of BLLs≥100μg/L, with the OR values of 9.110,2.484,2.102 respectively.HLLs(hair lead)and NLLs(nail lead)were positively associated with BLLs. HLLs of boys were larger than those of girls.Conclusion Children of village A suffered from the most serious lead exposure among all villages surveyed.The boys aged 6-10 years living in village A are at the high risk of environmental lead exposure.As an assistant diagnosis,HLLs and NLLs can be used as an indicator of lead exposure.更多还原